Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 3

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  compactness
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Vagueness and Formal Fuzzy Logic: Some Criticisms

100%
Logic and Logical Philosophy
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 4
431–460
EN
In the common man reasoning the presence of vague predicates is pervasive and under the name “fuzzy logic in narrow sense” or “formal fuzzy logic” there are a series of attempts to formalize such a kind of phenomenon. This paper is devoted to discussing the limits of these attempts both from a technical point of view and with respect the original and principal task: to define a mathematical model of the vagueness. For example, one argues that, since vagueness is necessarily connected with the intuition of the continuum, we have to look at the order-based topology of the interval [0,1] and not at the discrete topology of the set {0,1}. In accordance, in switching from classical logic to a logic for the vague predicates, we cannot avoid the use of the basic notions of real analysis as, for example, the ones of “approximation“, “convergence“, “continuity“. In accordance, instead of defining the compactness of the logical consequence operator and of the deduction operator in terms of finiteness, we have to define it in terms of continuity. Also, the effectiveness of the deduction apparatus has to be defined by using the tools of constructive real analysis and not the one of recursive arithmetic. This means that decidability and semi-decidability have to be defined by involving effective limit processes and not by finite steps stopping processes.
EN
Functional urban areas have long been a subject of consideration for integrated strategic and spatial planning. At the same time, the regional scale of functionally closed territorial units becomes part of the imagination of compact forms and centrality of space. The article explores the meanings of compactness and centrality in urban environment and the metropolitan area as a whole. Using data on labour mobility and functional territory use, the specifics of settlement structures of different scales are demonstrated in the example of the Brno metropolitan area. The results show the spatial variability of the relationship between urbanistically approached static compactness and functionally viewed population dynamics (mobility). While the accessibility of central (urban) functions is related to shorter walking or cycling routes for personal mobility mainly in the historically established city centre, (however not in all other secondary urban centres), short routes are being replaced by public transport, largely by train transport, as the scale shifts to the metropolitan level. However, it turns out that the deconcentration of the population into the wider metropolitan area does not imply a relative increase in the share of train travel, as even in population-gaining municipalities connected directly to rail infrastructure, the importance of the car as a means of regular commuting has been increasing. The findings can serve both to set the basis for mobility planning and to rethink the planning concepts of the short-distance city and the fifteen-minute city.
CS
Funkční městské regiony jsou dlouhodobě předmětem úvah o integrovaném strategickém a územním plánování. Regionální měřítko funkčně uzavřených územních celků se zároveň stává součástí imaginací o kompaktních formách a centralitě prostoru. Článek se zabývá významy kompaktnosti a centrality v prostorech města a metropolitní oblasti jako celku. Na příkladu brněnské metropolitní oblasti jsou s využitím dat o pracovní mobilitě a funkčním využití území demonstrována specifika sídelních struktur odlišných měřítek. Výsledky poukazují na prostorovou variabilitu vztahu urbanisticky chápané statické kompaktnosti a funkčně nahlížené populační dynamiky (mobility). Zatímco dosažitelnost centrálních (městských) funkcí souvisí s kratšími pěšími nebo cyklistickými cestami v rámci osobní mobility především v historicky rostlém jádrovém městě, avšak nikoliv ve všech ostatních sekundárních městských jádrech, s posunem měřítka na metropolitní úroveň jsou krátké cesty nahrazovány veřejnou dopravou, z velké části vlakovou. Ukazuje se však, že dekoncentrace obyvatel do širší metropolitní oblasti neznamená relativní navyšování podílu vlakové dopravy, jelikož i v populačně ziskových obcích napojených přímo na železniční infrastrukturu vzrůstá význam automobilu jakožto prostředku pravidelné dojížďky. Zjištění mohou sloužit k nastavení východisek plánování mobility, ale rovněž rekonceptualizaci plánovacích konceptů města krátkých vzdáleností a patnáctiminutového města.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2019
|
vol. 45
|
issue 2
51-68
EN
Creating optimal conditions for individuals is essential in large cities. One of the factors promoting the balanced development of civilization is the attainment of social justice in societies, which is impossible if their members are not provided with an affordable and good quality housing. There exists a range of important parameters of the housing environment, regulated by project standards, that have a significant influence on the comfort, social and psychological health of inhabitants, housing safety, etc. It was determined that social safety results from a complex impact of several interconnected factors: height of housing systems – the intensity of antisocial behavior increases together with the building height, and the 4-storey housing system is recommended as safest; overpopulation of the area – exceeding the density of the housing settling provokes antisocial behaviors on the part of residents (overpopulation can be partially dealt with by providing every individual with, at least, minimal but personal housing space; city-blocks and the housing system with yards – they intensify social interactions among the dwellers and are a condition necessary for the control over the adjacent area and the development of social and psychological comfort in the housing environment.
PL
W dużych miastach niezbędne jest tworzenie optymalnych warunków dla ich mieszkańców. Jednym z podstawowych warunków dla zrównoważonego rozwoju cywilizacji jest osiągnięcie sprawiedliwości społecznej, która nie jest możliwa bez zapewnienia obywatelom dostępnych mieszkań o wysokiej jakości. Istnieje kilka ważnych parametrów środowiska mieszkaniowego, które nie podlegają regulacji przez standardy i normy projektowania, ale znacząco wpływają na komfort, zdrowie psychiczne i społeczne mieszkańców, bezpieczeństwo zamieszkania, itp. Ustalono, że bezpieczeństwo społeczne wynika ze złożonego wpływu kilku powiązanych ze sobą czynników: liczby kondygnacji zabudowy mieszkaniowej – wraz z wysokością budynku wzrasta intensywność zachowań aspołecznych, a 4-kondygnacyjny system mieszkaniowy jest zalecany jako najbezpieczniejszy; gęstości zaludnienia terenu – przekroczenie gęstości zaludnienia osiedla wywołuje zachowania aspołeczne mieszkańców; sposobu zabudowy bloków i systemu mieszkaniowego z podwórkami, które intensyfikują interakcje społeczne między mieszkańcami.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.