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1

A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOUR : THE EFFECT OF DARWIN’S INTELLECTUAL LEGACY ON PSYCHOLOGY

100%
Topál J.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2010
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vol. 65
|
issue 1
49-63
EN
The bicentenary of Charles Darwin’s birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of The Ori- gin of Species offers a good opportunity to review what role the evolutionary theory has played in the emergence and development of behaviour sciences and how this idea affects the current state of behaviour research. In this respect, the original Darwinian idea claiming evolutionary continuity not only in anatomical structures but in behaviour and in the hidden cognitive mechanisms is of great importance. Formulating such a strong version of the evolutionary continuity hypothesis is an important part of Darwin’s intellectual legacy which holds an important and still-valid message for behaviour science. Namely, the only way of gaining insights into the behavioural and cognitive functioning of our own species is such a comparative evolutionary approach that takes both the phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of the behaviour into account. Although this Darwinian view has been received ambivalently by many different disciplines of psychology, it has a basic “triggering” role in the emergence and acceptance of comparative psychology as natural science. Nowadays, however, many directions of the modern cognitive psychological research are apparently connected to the different fields of behavioural biology accepting the approaches of the Darwinian and Lorenzian–Tinbergenian traditions. The old distinction between the “biological” and “psychological” branches of behaviour sciences seem to disappear: forming a modern evolutionary synthesis of the behaviour sciences. The effectiveness of this new discipline, on one hand, lies in its modern methodology which involves not only the traditional observational analysis of the behaviour but also makes possible to measure the endophenotype (physiological and genetic correlates of the behaviour, neural activation, etc.). More importantly, the comparative evolutionary behaviour science deals with the behaviour and its underlying cognitive mechanisms in a complex way combining the phylogenetic, ontogenetic and adaptive approaches within the same theoretical framework.
2

ARTIFICIAL GRAMMAR LEARNING IN ANIMALS

86%
Tauzin T. M.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2010
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vol. 65
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issue 2
389-412
EN
In this article I review the artificial grammar learning experiments in comparative psychology from the last one and a half decades. Artificial grammar learning in animals will be discussed targeting statistical learning, algebraic learning and hierarchical rule learning. Furthermore, I propose a new model which can explain some of the contradictory results in this field. I argue that social species necessarily have refined contingency detection mechanisms, which allows them to monitor contingencies between various stimuli. This mechanism and a repetition detector, which is sensitive to identical successive stimuli, create abstract contingency-profiles. These can help to recognize repetitive abstract signs, thus a part of algebraic or hierarchical rules.
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