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Sądowa ochrona praw jednostki pełniącej funkcję organu w samorządzie terytorialnym

100%
Chlipała M.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2019
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vol. 17
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issue 1
21-31
EN
The article refers to the issue of judicial protection of the rights of an individual acting as an organ (also a member of an organ) in the local government. The author presents two situations in which the judicial protection of these rights is important. The first includes cases where the individual violates the law, which leads to specific actions (e.g. confirmation of expiryof the mandate) and justifies the need to provide judicial protection. The second category includes situations in which the resignation from performing the function in the local government takes place, which – especially in the case of withdrawal of the statement of resignation – raises the need to provide judicial protection. The considerations presented in the article focus on the judicial protection of the rights of the individual in the proceedings before the administrative court.
2
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Z problematyki zakazu reformationis in peius w postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym

94%
Ciesielska A.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
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2017
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issue 2 (18)
123-157
EN
The principle of prohibition of reformatio in peius is established in Article 134 § 2 of the Law on Proceedings Before Administrative Courts. According to this provision the administrative court is not allowed to issue a decision to the detriment of the complainant. A judgment adverse to the complainant can be exceptionally issued but only if the court fi nds a violation of the law resulting in the annulment of the challenged act or action. This principle is a procedural institution which ensures that the complainant’s situation will not deteriorate due to the decision of the administrative court. There are many interpretative doubts concerning the prohibition of reformatio in peius in the doctrine and the jurisdiction of the administrative courts. This is because administrative courts very rarely issue a decision on the merits. Decisions of administrative courts are basically of cassation nature. When the administrative court allows a complaint, the contested act is generally eliminated from the system of law and the case is returned for re-examination by the public administrative authority. It is therefore very diffi cult to determine the content of the prohibition of reformatio in peius in administrative court proceedings and in practice the prohibition of a change for the worse is not a real guarantee of the protection of the interests of the complainant. In the author’s opinion, the way of approaching the mechanism of application of the prohibition of reformatio in peius by the administrative courts needs to be changed. And yet, a signifi cant improvement in the eff ectiveness of the protection against the worsening of the complainant’s legal situation will only be possible through the introduction of a new legal regulation restricting the jurisdiction of public administrative authority, which will reconsider the case after the cassation judgment issued by the administrative court.
3
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Kompetencja sądu administracyjnego do uznania w wyroku uprawnienia lub obowiązku wynikających z przepisów prawa

82%
Ciesielska A.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
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2019
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issue 4(28)
27-51
EN
The purpose of the article is to present the competence of the administrative court indicated in Article 146 § 2 of the Act of 30 August 2002 – the Law on proceedings before administrative courts (LPAC). In accordance with this provision, in matters concerning complaints against an Act or an action related to public administra­tion referred to in Article 3 § 2 point 4 of the LPAC, the court may recognize in its judgment a right or an obligation arising from the provisions of law and may issue a relevant decision in the matter if it first annuls the act or declares that the action is with no legal effect pursuant to Article 146 § 1 of the LPAC. It must be emphasized however, that Article 146 § 2 of the LPAC is not an independent basis for issuing a judgment and the doctrine often presents differing views. It should be assumed that the court may recognize the right or the obligation of an individual that arises from the provisions of law if the nature of the case permits doing so and when the facts and the legal framework of the case do not raise rea­sonable doubts. Unfortunately, judicial case studies show that this possibility is rarely used. Furthermore, courts encounter numerous problems in applying Article 146 § 2 of the LPAC, most probably because of the huge controversy regarding this procedural institution. Firstly, there is no consensus as to the function of the judicial decision based on the provision in question, and the interpretation of its facultative nature is also problematic. In the author’s opinion administrative courts should use the competence referred to in Article 146 § 2 of the LPAC more frequently. Such a change of practice would increase the effectiveness of judicial review of public administration as well as will enhance the level of protection of individual rights. The article also contains some interesting examples of the application of Article 146 § 2 of the LPAC.
4
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THE RIGHTS OF THE ENTREPRENEUR UNDER AUDIT TO USE PROTECTION MEASURES BEFORE AN ADMINISTRATIVE COURT

60%
Śladkowska E.
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
|
2020
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vol. 1
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issue XX
227-243
PL
Artykuł przedstawia instytucję sprzeciwu będącą szczególnym środkiem ochrony prawnej przysługującym przedsiębiorcy w trakcie prowadzonej wobec niego kontroli działalności gospodarczej. Środek ten wprowadzony został do polskiego porządku prawnego z dniem 7 marca 2009 r. Umożliwia on przedsiębiorcy zaskarżanie do organu wyższego stopnia konkretnie wskazanych w przepisach prawa poszczególnych czynności podjętych i wykonywanych przez organ kontroli w toku kontroli. Ta niezwykle ważna regulacja prawna gwarantująca ochronę praw przedsiębiorców jest niezwykle skomplikowana i rodzi poważne dyskusje prawne w piśmiennictwie i orzecznictwie sądów administracyjnych, była także analizowana przez Trybunał Konstytucyjny. W artykule przedstawiono główne elementy instytucji, skupiając się na środkach prawnych związanych ze sprzeciwem, z których może skorzystać przedsiębiorca przed sądem administracyjnym. Należą do nich skarga na postanowienie utrzymujące w mocy postanowienie organu I instancji o kontynuowaniu czynności kontrolnych oraz skarga na przewlekłe prowadzenie kontroli.
EN
The article presents the institution of appeal which is a special means of legal protection vested in the entrepreneur during the control of economic activity conducted against him. This measure was introduced into the Polish legal order on 7 March 2009. It enables the entrepreneur to appeal to a higher authority specifically indicated in the legal provisions of individual actions taken and performed by the inspection authority during the inspection. This extremely important legal regulation guaranteeing the protection of entrepreneurs’ rights is extremely complicated and gives rise to serious legal discussions in the literature and jurisprudence of administrative courts, it has also been analyzed by the Constitutional Tribunal. The article presents the main elements of the institution, focusing on legal remedies that an entrepreneur can use before an administrative court. These include a complaint about the decision upholding the decision of the first instance authority on continuing the inspection activities and a complaint about the protracted conduct of the inspection.
5
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Sądowa kontrola wojewódzkich programów ochrony powietrza - Stan po wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

60%
Łyszkowski M.
Kontrola Państwowa
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2022
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vol. 67
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issue 3 (404)
78-89
EN
Air pollution, commonly referred to as smog, is one of the most controversial issues that concern the citizens in the area of environment protection. This is because the awareness of the poor quality of air has been raising, and that it has an impact on humans and their life quality. The measures that the authorities take in this regard are considered insufficient, which has been proved with the findings of the Supreme Audit Office, opinions of legal scientists, and the judicature. One of the most important tools to fight smog are air protection programmes adopted by regional legislative bodies (Polish: sejmiki wojewódzkie). To audit their compliance with regulations makes an important element of the assessment of the condition of the law in the area. That is why it is worth considering the meaning of the Constitutional Tribunal’s verdict: the Tribunal assessed whether the provision regulating the right to appeal against resolutions adopting such programmes is compliant with the Constitution. The verdict was a response to the complaint submitted to the Tribunal as by a person that questioned the quality of air at their place of residence.
PL
Jednym z najważniejszych narzędzi służących walce ze smogiem są programy ochrony powietrza uchwalane przez sejmiki wojewódzkie. Kontrola ich zgodności z przepisami stanowi istotny element oceny stanu prawa w tym obszarze. Dlatego warto rozważyć, jakie znaczenie miał wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, w którym TK dokonał oceny konstytucyjności przepisu regulującego uprawnienie do zaskarżania uchwał zawierających taki program. Został wydany na skutek rozstrzygnięcia skargi konstytucyjnej złożonej przez osobę kwestionującą jakość ochrony powietrza w miejscu zamieszkania.
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