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The Composite Nature of Interlanguage as a Developing System

100%
Wei L.
Research in Language
|
2009
|
vol. 7
5-30
EN
This paper explores the nature of interlanguage (IL) as a developing system with a focus on the abstract lexical structure underlying IL construction. The developing system of IL is assumed to be ‘composite’ in that in second language acquisition (SLA) several linguistic systems are in contact, each of which may contribute different amounts to the developing system. The lexical structure is assumed to be ‘abstract’ in that the mental lexicon contains abstract elements called ‘lemmas’, which contain information about individual lexemes, and lemmas in the bilingual mental lexicon are language-specific and are in contact in IL production. Based on the research findings, it concludes that language transfer in IL production should be understood as lemma transfer of the learner's first language (L1) lexical structure at three abstract levels: lexical-conceptual structure, predicate-argument structure, and morphological realization patterns, and IL construction is driven by an incompletely acquired abstract lexical structure of a target language (TL) item.
2
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Content available

The Composite Nature of Interlanguage as a Developing System

100%
Wei L.
Research in Language
|
2009
|
vol. 7
5-30
EN
This paper explores the nature of interlanguage (IL) as a developing system with a focus on the abstract lexical structure underlying IL construction. The developing system of IL is assumed to be ‘composite’ in that in second language acquisition (SLA) several linguistic systems are in contact, each of which may contribute different amounts to the developing system. The lexical structure is assumed to be ‘abstract’ in that the mental lexicon contains abstract elements called ‘lemmas’, which contain information about individual lexemes, and lemmas in the bilingual mental lexicon are language-specific and are in contact in IL production. Based on the research findings, it concludes that language transfer in IL production should be understood as lemma transfer of the learner’s first language (L1) lexical structure at three abstract levels: lexical-conceptual structure, predicate-argument structure, and morphological realization patterns, and IL construction is driven by an incompletely acquired abstract lexical structure of a target language (TL) item.
3
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Boundary conditions analysis of the possible use of bushings made from copper composite materials for a towing vehicle’s chassis

84%
Roik T., Gavrish O., Vitsiuk I., Khmiliarchuk O.
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
|
2018
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1(187)
140-149
EN
The paper analyzes the possible boundary conditions for the application of new type of bushings in the vehicle’s chassis. The bushings have been manufactured from the copper-based antifriction composite material alloyed by nickel and molybdenum, with the addition of CaF2 as a solid lubricant (DN5M3KF9). The structure and tribotechnical properties at heavy loaded reversing friction (the temperature of 400-6000С and pressure up to 6.0 MPa in air) have been examined. The study focuses on the distribution of CaF2 in the composite with a Cu–Ni–Mo matrix, its role in self-lubrication of the material, and the behavior of CaF2 in the friction area under extreme operating conditions. It was shown that the solid lubricant is evenly distributed over the contact surfaces as it piles up over the entire friction area during heavy loaded reversing friction. It is established that the tribofilms formed in the presence of the CaF2 solid lubricant provide high wear resistance. Tribological properties allow for extending the application boundaries of the new bushings based on copper in the vehicle chassis for towing artillery guns.
4
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Короно-композиты в русском языке

51%
Kiklewicz A.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 7
263-285
RU
Предметом статьи являются словообразовательные процессы, приводящие к возникновению окказиональных композитов с первым компонентом короно- в русском языке последнего времени. Автор отмечает активность данного типа словообразования и данного типа композитов в журналистских текстах, а также в коммуникации членов интернет-сообществ (в социальных сетях, на интернет-форумах и др.). Собранный автором языковой материал (76 окказиональных композитов) описывается с семантической точки зрения, т.е. того, какие семантические протоструктуры репрезентируют план содержания композитов. Выделяются две категории таких структур: семантическая коокуренция и семантическая транзитивность. Автор отдельно описывает композиты с одно-, двух-, трех- и четырехчастными протоструктурами.
EN
The topic of this article is the word-formation processes leading to the appearance of occasional composites with the initial component corono- in contemporary Russian. The author notes the usage of this type of word formation and composites in journalistic texts, as well as in the communication between members of online communities (on social networks, Internet fora, etc.). The language material collected by the author (76 occasional composites) is described from a semantic point of view, i.e. in terms of semantic protostructures, representing the plan of content of the composites. There are two categories of such structures: semantic co-occurrence and semantic transitivity. The author separately describes the composites with one-, two-, three- and four-part protostructures.
PL
Korono-kompozyty w języku rosyjskim Tematem artykułu są procesy słowotwórcze, prowadzące do pojawienia się okazjonalnych kompozytów z pierwszym składnikiem korono- w najnowszym języku rosyjskim. Autor odnotowuje aktywność tego typu słowotwórstwa i tego rodzaju kompozytów w tekstach dziennikarskich, a także w komunikacji członków społeczności internetowych (w sieciach społecznościowych, na forach internetowych itp.). Zebrany przez autora (76 okazjonalnych kompozytów) materiał językowy został opisany z semantycznego punktu widzenia, tzn. pod względem protostruktur semantycznych, reprezentujących plan treści kompozytów. Wyróżnia się dwie kategorie takich struktur: kookurencja semantyczna i tranzytywność semantyczna. Autor osobno opisuje kompozyty o protostrukturach jedno-, dwu-, trzy- i czteroczęściowych.
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