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Function Words in Surnames - “Alien Bodies” in Anthroponymy (with Particular Reference to Poland)

100%

Walkowiak J.

Onomastica

2017

vol. 61

issue 1

139-151

This article aims to discuss function words in surnames, such as vel, alias, de, in selected countries with European naming traditions, with particular reference to Poland. Despite the many centuries of surname evolution, such function words are still present in some contemporary surnames in Poland, and quite common in certain other regions (Spanish and Portuguese-speaking areas). In the article, surnames have been divided into two categories: the prepositional type (e.g. de, von, van, du, della), where the relationship between the conjoined name elements (usually the given name and the surname) is that of subordination, and the conjunctional type (e.g. y, e, sive, alias, vel) where the relationship between the conjoined elements (usually two surnames) is one of coordination, with the function word meaning „and” or „or”. From a grammatical perspective, however, not all function words are prepositions or conjunctions, as there are examples of closed or open compounds formed from prepositions and articles (French du, Dutch van der), as well as of participles (Latin dictus, German genannt). The paper addresses the various types of function words in surnames, outlining their genesis in some cases, as well as exploring issues that arise from their everyday use, especially in instances where two different naming cultures come into contact. Statistics on the frequency of Polish surnames (both past and present) containing function words are given. These data are also used to model the decline and eventual exctinction of function words in the Polish anthroponomasticon.

Ilu ojców mają odkrycia naukowe? O pisowni nazwisk złożonych

73%

Smuga Z.

Język Polski

2018

vol. 98

issue 1

35-48

W artykule szczegółowo omówiono problem dwojakiej (wielorakiej) interpretacji sformułowań zawierających nazwiska złożone. Zgodnie z regułą [185] WSO poprawny jest jedynie zapis z dywizem – bez względu na to, o ilu osobach jest mowa. Ta zasada okazuje się niefunkcjonalna, gdyż na podstawie zapisu hipoteza Sapira-Whorfa nie można stwierdzić, czy mowa o jednej osobie, czy – o dwóch. Autorka kładzie nacisk na to, że myślnik i dywiz pełnią funkcję dystynktywną, i proponuje następujące rozwiązanie: półpauza – najlepiej ze spacjami wokół niej – powinna być stosowana w zapisie nazwisk, gdy chodzi o różne osoby (ma być tożsama z granicą między nazwiskami należącymi do różnych osób), natomiast dywiz powinien być używany, gdy chodzi o nazwisko dwuczłonowe należące do jednej osoby. Wówczas z zapisu hipoteza Sapira – Whorfa jasno wynika, że chodzi o dwie osoby.

The paper presents the problem of the notation of compound surnames in Polish where the issue of twofold (multiple) interpretation occurs. According to the rule [185] of WSO the notation with a hyphen is the only correct one – no matter how many people we refer to. This rule turns out to be non-functional, because based on the notation of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis no one is able to tell whether the statement is about one person or two different people. The author puts emphasis on the distinctive functions of the hyphen and the en dash. The following solution is proposed: the en dash – preferably with spaces around it – should be used in the notation of surnames when it comes to different people (as a delimiter between surnames belonging to different people), while the hyphen should be used for indicating a double-barrelled surname belonging to one person. Then the notation of the Sapir – Whorf hypothesis is unambiguous with respect to the number of people involved.

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Function Words in Surnames - “Alien Bodies” in Anthroponymy (with Particular Reference to Poland)

Ilu ojców mają odkrycia naukowe? O pisowni nazwisk złożonych