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Nakupování a sebeúcta

100%
Hnilica K., Kreklová P.
Psychologie a její kontexty
|
2016
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vol. 7
|
issue 2
73-85
EN
Buying can be defined as a process in which money is exchanged for service. Money is in the process most commonly exchanged for food, clothing, transport, entertainment etc. This primary function of buying is in modern societies broadened and subtly changed so that buying takes over some new functions which may overshadow this primary one. Among these new functions rank high a tendency to regulate by the process of buying both positive (relaxation) and negative emotions (compulsion, compulsive buying). At the same time, buying may serve the function of achieving prestige due to the commodities and services bought. In the technical literature, all of these new functions are theorized to relate separately to self-esteem. One can therefore ask what is the relationship of self-esteem to these three new functions of buying. It is the question we tried to answer in our research. It was a study in which we tried to analyze at the same time the relationships of the tree new goals of buying among themselves and between each of them and self-esteem. At the same time, we put to the test three hypotheses according to which the striving to achieve each one of these goals of buying will be motivated predominantly by low self-esteem. In the study there took part 251 respondents in the age range from 14 to 67 years from a general population. The respondents answered two questionnaires, the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Kreklová’s Scale of Reasons to Buy. This second scale aims to measure the three abovementioned reasons to buy. To analyze the psychometric characteristics of both questionnaires we used PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The results of the analyses of RSES show that the scale consists of two dimensions which we named positive and negative self-esteem dimensions. The results of the analysis of the Scale of Reasons to Buy revealed that the scale consists of the three dimensions postulated, e. g. relaxation, compulsion and prestige. To analyze the relationships among the variables we used correlation/regression analyses. Results of these analyses show that the three dimensions of the Scale of Reasons to Buy correlate highly with one another and that at the same time each of them relates differently to the two separate dimensions of self-esteem. To summarize: The dimension of relaxation was not in a significant relationship with either the positive or negative dimension of selfesteem. The dimension of compulsion correlated rather highly with both dimensions of self-esteem, but when put in a regression analyzes in which the shared variances of the other two reasons to buy were controlled these relationships have got close to zero and became nonsignificant. The dimension of prestige has shown the predicted strong relationship with the negative dimension of self-esteem. Its relation to the positive dimension of self-esteem was not significant. The results are in accord with the theories one can encounter in literature. According to these theories in the modern consumer society the processes of buying has got some new functions and at the same time assumed on some functions which were in former societies associated with different activities. Among the new functions pertain the regulation of positive and negative emotions by the process of buying, and striving to achieve status and prestige by the results of it (e.g. commodities and services bought). All of these functions are in the literature hypothesized to relate to self-esteem. The results of our study show that these expectations may be partly wrong: when controlling for the shared variances of predictors, the self-esteem scale relate substantially and significantly only with one dimension or reason for buying, namely with prestige. Those persons who have low self-esteem are probably predisposed to try to heighten their self-esteem by means of the commodities and services bought. The relationships of self-esteem to the other two dimensions of buying may be spurious.
2

EXERCISE ADDICTION: A RARE BUT SEVERE PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION

86%
Rendi M., Szabó A., Bárdos G.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 3
529-544
EN
This current literature review presents a psychological dysfunction in which obsessive and compulsive exercise in exaggerated amounts appears as a symptom of life stress or other psychological problems. This rare but severe dysfunction is known as exercise addiction. The reasons for such deviant exercise practices are discussed from the behaviouristic perspective of positive and negative reinforcement, by drawing the line between healthy and morbid exercising. In the course of the review, a physiological and a psychological model are presented. The common symptoms of behavioural addictions, that also form the basis of diagnosis of exercise addiction, are illustrated with examples. It is emphasized that symptom-based identification of exercise addiction is incomplete as it represents only the surface screening. Positive diagnosis of the psychological routes behind the problem should be performed by qualified professionals.
3
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Hamleś Skolimowskiego jako parodia

51%
Hendrykowski M.
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 23
143-151
EN
Hamleś is a brilliant etude made in 1960 by young film-maker Jerzy Skolimowski during his studies in famous Film School in Łódź. In ballad form this mysterious and dark story tells about lost hopes of freedom and strange situation of Polish intelligentsia of the late 1950s in connection with characters of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Skolimowski’s parody has typical for this artistic obsessive-compulsive dimension (Don Fredericksen’s term). Skolimowski took the title and protagonists from the classic drama and transmitted the main subject in a way that is much darker and ironic than the original.
PL
Hamleś is a brilliant etude made in 1960 by young film-maker Jerzy Skolimowski during his studies in famous Film School in Łódź. In ballad form this mysterious and dark story tells about lost hopes of freedom and strange situation of Polish intelligentsia of the late 1950s in connection with characters of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Skolimowski’s parody has typical for this artistic obsessive-compulsive dimension (Don Fredericksen’s term). Skolimowski took the title and protagonists from the classic drama and transmitted the main subject in a way that is much darker and ironic than the original. 
4
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Relacje rodzice – dziecko i ich prawne konteksty

51%
DYRDÓŁ M.
Wychowanie w Rodzinie
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2014
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vol. X (2/2014)
271-296
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań w artykule są prawne regulacje relacji pomiędzy rodzicami a ich dziećmi, odnoszące się do władzy rodzicielskiej, z jednej strony, i praw dziecka – z drugiej. Punktem wyjścia dla tych rozważań jest charakterystyka relacji: rodzice – dziecko, obejmująca ich przejawy i rodzaje, kulturowe zróżnicowanie oraz przemiany, jakim te relacje ulegały. W artykule pokazano jak zmieniło się postrzeganie władzy rodzicielskiej i jak rozumie się ją we współczesnym świecie (głównie w Polsce); opisane zostały podstawowe zasady sprawowania władzy rodzicielskiej, w tym zasada dobra dziecka i interesu społecznego, konieczności poszanowania podmiotowości dziecka i uwzględniania jego wieku oraz dojrzałości w podejmowaniu decyzji, które go dotyczą. Wymienione zostały atrybuty władzy rodzicielskiej i opisano pieczę nad osobą dziecka. W omówieniu instytucji władzy rodzicielskiej podkreślono znaczenie występującego często błędnego jej rozumienia, jak również niejasności w rozumieniu „dobra dziecka”. Z władzą rodzicielską – szczególnym stosunkiem prawnym łączą się prawa dziecka jako prawa naturalne, a nie dziecku nadane. W tekście ukazano historyczny kontekst tych praw i wyeksponowano prawa osobiste dziecka. W omówieniu prawnych kontekstów relacji rodzice – dziecko podkreślono służebną rolę prawa w regulacji tych relacji. Opisano jak przepisy prawa odnoszą się do wychowania i partnerstwa w interakcjach dorosłych z dzieckiem. Tekst kończy się wskazaniem na znaczenie, jakie dla kształtowania relacji rodzice – dziecko mają: wiedza i przekonania (rodziców i ich dzieci), dotyczące praw dziecka i władzy rodzicielskiej oraz wynikająca z tego znaczenia konieczność poznania: tej wiedzy i tych przekonań.
EN
The subject of the dissertations in the article is law regulations relating to parents and their children, referring to parental authority on one hand and children’s rights on the other. The starting point for these dissertations is study of the parent–child relationship, including its types and ways of expression, cultural diversity and transformations through which this relationship has undergone. It is pointed out in the article how the perception of parental authority has changed and how it’s understood in the modern world (mainly in Poland). Basic principles on exercising parental authority are described including the principle of children’s sake and the public interest, the necessity of respecting children’s subjectivity and taking into account children’s age and maturity when making decisions which concern them. Attributes of parental authority were listed and custody over the child described. When discussing on institution of parental authority it was emphasized that this term is often misunderstood as well as the term “children’s sake” causing ambiguities. Parental authority is linked legally with children’s rights as natural rights, not given rights. The historical context of those rights is shown in the text with the emphasis put on children’s personal rights. In discussing the legal contexts of parent-child relationship it was highlighted that the law is only of ancillary importance for the adjustment of these relations. It is described how regulations refer to upbringing and partnership in interactions between adults and children. The text ends by pointing out the significance of knowledge and beliefs (of parents and their children) on children’s rights and parental authority for developing a parent– child relationship. Consequently, this significance results in the need to study this knowledge and these beliefs.
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