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Modelling gesture as speech: A linguistic approach

100%
Gibbon D.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
|
2011
|
vol. 47
470
EN
Gesture communication, like prosody and paralinguistic voice features, strikes the attention when there is too little of it, too much of it, or when it does not seem to fit the words or the situation. The present study follows the principle that gesture is similar to some aspects of speech, particularly prosody and parts of the lexicon. Description of visual gesture articulation is therefore treated as a conservative extension of descriptions of vocal speech gesture articulation. Well-tried models of speech forms and functions are deployed, together with accounts from gesture studies from psychology to robotics. Evidence is taken from video data of story-telling in Ega, an African language, and in German, and the adequacy of descriptive and computational models of the forms and functions of speech is discussed, with a proposal for the formal modelling of speech-like timing of gesture articulators by means of Time Types in the Linear-Feature-Timing-Realtime (LFTR) model. Finally, an integrative model for combining visual and vocal gesture articulations into a comprehensive functional model of multimodal communication is proposed: the Rank Interpretation Model (RIM).
2
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In search of common, information-processing, agency-based framework for anthropogenic, biogenic, and abiotic cognition and intelligence

86%
Dodig-Crnkovic G.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
|
2022
|
issue 73
17-46
EN
Learning from contemporary natural, formal, and social sciences, especially from current biology, as well as from humanities, particularly contemporary philosophy of nature, requires updates of our old definitions of cognition and intelligence. The result of current insights into basal cognition of single cells and evolution of multicellular cognitive systems within the framework of extended evolutionary synthesis (EES) helps us better to understand mechanisms of cognition and intelligence as they appear in nature. New understanding of information and processes of physical (morphological) computation contribute to novel possibilities that can be used to inspire the development of abiotic cognitive systems (cognitive robotics), cognitive computing and artificial intelligence.
3
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Seven Layers of Computation: Methodological Analysis and Mathematical Modeling

72%
Burgin M., Mikkilineni R.
Filozofia i nauka. Studia filozoficzne i interdyscyplinarne
|
2022
|
vol. 10, zeszyt specjalny
11-31
EN
We live in an information society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation, and integration of information is a significant activity. Computations allow us to process information from various sources in various forms and use the derived knowledge in improving efficiency and resilience in our interactions with each other and with our environment. The general theory of information tells us that information to knowledge is as energy is to matter. Energy has the potential to create or modify material structures and information has the potential to create or modify knowledge structures. In this paper, we analyze computations as a vital technological phenomenon of contemporary society which allows us to process and use information. This analysis allows building classifications of computations based on their characteristics and explication of new types of computations. As a result, we extend the existing typologies of computations by delineating novel forms of information representations. While the traditional approach deals only with two dimensions of computation—symbolic and sub-symbolic, here we describe additional dimensions, namely, super-symbolic computation, hybrid computation, fused computation, blended computation, and symbiotic computation.
4
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Objections to Computationalism: A Survey

72%
MIŁKOWSKI M.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
|
2018
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vol. 66
|
issue 3
35-75
PL
ZARZUTY WOBEC KOMPUTACJONIZMU — PRZEGLĄD
5
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The Anti-Mechanist Argument Based on Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems, Indescribability of the Concept of Natural Number and Deviant Encodings

72%
Quinon P.
Studia Semiotyczne
|
2020
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vol. 34
|
issue 1
EN
This paper reassesses the criticism of the Lucas-Penrose anti-mechanist argument, based on Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, as formulated by Krajewski (2020): this argument only works with the additional extra-formal assumption that “the human mind is consistent”. Krajewski argues that this assumption cannot be formalized, and therefore that the anti-mechanist argument – which requires the formalization of the whole reasoning process – fails to establish that the human mind is not mechanistic. A similar situation occurs with a corollary to the argument, that the human mind allegedly outperforms machines, because although there is no exhaustive formal definition of natural numbers, mathematicians can successfully work with natural numbers. Again, the corollary requires an extra-formal assumption: “PA is complete” or “the set of all natural numbers exists”. I agree that extra-formal assumptions are necessary in order to validate the anti-mechanist argument and its corollary, and that those assumptions are problematic. However, I argue that formalization is possible and the problem is instead the circularity of reasoning that they cause. The human mind does not prove its own consistency, and outperforms the machine, simply by making the assumption “I am consistent”. Starting from the analysis of circularity, I propose a way of thinking about the interplay between informal and formal in mathematics.
6
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Seven Layers of Computation: Methodological Analysis and Mathematical Modeling

72%
Burgin M., Mikkilineni R.
Filozofia i Nauka
|
2022
|
vol. 10, zeszyt specjalny
11-31
EN
We live in an information society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation, and integration of information is a significant activity. Computations allow us to process information from various sources in various forms and use the derived knowledge in improving efficiency and resilience in our interactions with each other and with our environment. The general theory of information tells us that information to knowledge is as energy is to matter. Energy has the potential to create or modify material structures and information has the potential to create or modify knowledge structures. In this paper, we analyze computations as a vital technological phenomenon of contemporary society which allows us to process and use information. This analysis allows building classifications of computations based on their characteristics and explication of new types of computations. As a result, we extend the existing typologies of computations by delineating novel forms of information representations. While the traditional approach deals only with two dimensions of computation-symbolic and sub-symbolic, here we describe additional dimensions, namely, super-symbolic computation, hybrid computation, fused computation, blended computation, and symbiotic computation.
7
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Planować w skali planetarnej

58%
Owczarek M.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
|
2021
|
vol. 41
|
issue 3
137-157
EN
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the theory and practice of Benjamin Bratton. His statement that “we look out into space, and from space back down to Earth to orient what planetarity should mean” indicate a two key aspects of his thought, which I discuss along with their political consequences. The first one is the recognition of planetary-scale computation as the condition for the possibility of phenomena such as climate catastrophe. The second one is the analysis of the planetary-scale means of production and the spaces of sovereignty they create. To achieve this, Bratton constructs a model of The Stack. Thinking about the future of politics, he speculates about two possible scenarios: neofeudalism and neocommunism. Inspired by his work, I formulate two necessary conditions of the rational politics of the future: the reorientation of planetary-scale computation to other purposes than a profit, and the rescaling of planning in both time and space. Elaborating on the first results of The Terraforming programme enables us to glimpse the possibility of an egalitarian and universal future through concrete projects.
PL
Celem tego artykułu jest wprowadzenie do teorii i praktyki projektowej Benjamina Brattona. Jego słowa, że „patrzymy w przestrzeń kosmiczną i z niej z powrotem na Ziemię, żeby zrozumieć co powinna znaczyć planetarność”, wskazują na dwa kluczowe aspekty jego myśli, które omówię wraz z ich politycznymi konsekwencjami. Pierwszy polega na rozpoznaniu roli aparatów obliczeniowych jako warunku możliwości takich zjawisk jak kryzys klimatyczny. Drugi polega na opisie planetarnych środków produkcji oraz wytwarzanych przez nie przestrzeni suwerenności w ramach koncepcji Stosu. Rozważając politykę przyszłości, Bratton wyróżnia neokomunizm oraz neofeudalizm jako prawdopodobne scenariusze. Inspirując się jego myślą, formułuję dwa warunki konieczne racjonalnej polityki przyszłości: reorientację planetarnych aparatów obliczeniowych ku innym celom niż zysk i przeskalowanie planowania zarówno w czasie, jak i w przestrzeni. Omówienie pierwszych wyników programu badawczego The Terraforming pozwoli zobaczyć przez konkretne wizje działań w skali planetarnej możliwości egalitarnej i uniwersalnej polityczności.
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