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PL
The article discusses the concept of race, which was used in the Polish novel in the years 1870–1930. At that time, the concept became very popular in the language of the intelligentsia. The analysis showed the existence of three types of categorization of race: a) ethnic (it included the semantics of the past, space, tribalism, heredity; it positively valorized OUR MEN and negatively STRANGERS), b) socio-cultural (categories of heredity, family, kinship, sphere, custom, tradition, it was responsible for solidifying SOCIAL HIERARCHY), c) aesthetic (the category of race in the character description concerned the face, arms and legs; the racial parts of the body positively valorized the character; aestheticism was based on frequent comparisons to the sculpture, the ideal of BEAUTY became the Hellenic type.
PL
The article presents the concept of race developed in 1913–1938 by the so-called Lviv typological school, constituting one of the factions of the then actively developed Polish anthropology. The author discusses the concepts of this school in the broad context of the era, stating that the concepts of the school, including the concepts of its founder – Jan Czekanowski, built on the grounds of the Mendelian inheritance theory and fascination with quantitative methods, despite seeking objectivity were determined by the then spreading idea of human racial diversity.
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