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EN
In its resolution issued on May 10, 2023 (III CZP 71/22), the Polish Supreme Court held that activities related to the submission of a certificate of marriage declarations to the registry office and the subsequent drawing up of a marriage certificate constitute a particular administrative procedure in which the clergyman holds the status of a special administering entity. Moreover, the Supreme Court tacitly found that the timely submission of a marriage certificate is not an element of the constitutive requirement for the conclusion of marriage and that the only entity obliged to comply with the five-day deadline specified by law is the clergyman. However, as a consequence of its adoption of the above assumptions, the Court should recognise the rights of prospective spouses to shape their situation as parties to their marriage registration proceedings. As a result, it should be assumed that a civil marriage conducted in the religious form is concluded when, after the ineffective expiration of the clergyman’s deadline to deliver the certificate, the persons who made the declarations pertaining to the “civil effects” of marriage, apply for marriage registration. In these situations, the registrar should draw up a marriage certificate.
PL
Sąd Najwyższy w uchwale z dnia 10 maja 2023 r. (III CZP 71/22) przyjął, że czynności związane z przekazaniem zaświadczenia o złożeniu oświadczeń o zawarciu małżeństwa do urzędu stanu cywilnego, a następnie sporządzeniem aktu małżeństwa, stanowią swoistą procedurę administracyjną, w ramach której duchowny posiada status szczególnego podmiotu administrującego. Ponadto – implicite – Sąd Najwyższy uznał, że terminowe przekazanie zaświadczenia do urzędu stanu cywilnego nie stanowi elementu konstytutywnej przesłanki zawarcia małżeństwa, a podmiotem zobowiązanym do przestrzegania określonego prawem pięciodniowego terminu pozostaje jedynie duchowny. Konsekwencją przyjęcia powyższych założeń powinno być uznanie uprawnień nupturientów do kształtowania swojej sytuacji jako stron postępowania administracyjnego o rejestrację małżeństwa. Wskutek tego należałoby uznać, że małżeństwo cywilne w formie wyznaniowej zostanie również zawarte, gdy po bezskutecznym upływie terminu na doręczenie przez duchownego przedmiotowego zaświadczenia z wnioskiem o rejestrację małżeństwa wystąpią osoby, które złożyły oświadczenia dotyczące jego „skutków cywilnych”. Kierownik urzędu stanu cywilnego winien w takiej sytuacji sporządzić akt małżeństwa.
EN
The Synod of Bishops in 2014 showed how polarized are the positions in understanding and meaning of the sacramental marriage. In 2015 Holy Father Pope Francis issued new standards for testing the validity of marriages (mainly sacramental). Relevance and effectiveness of new solutions should be examined. The article focuses on the legal as well as legal and pastoral aspects of sacramentality of marriage. The standards were analysed related to the sacramentality at the stage of marriage and a declaration of non-existence or cessation of marriage. Considerations were divided into the following issues of concern: 1. Sacramentality of marriage in the teaching of the Church in the twentieth century. 2. Sacramentality of marriage in the CIC from 1983. (Esp. Can. 1055 § 1-2, 1056, 1065§ 2, 1099 1134) 3. Conclusion and cessation of non-sacramental marriages, 4. Conclusion and cessation of sacramental marriage. General conclusions and proposals for the future were described at the end. These analyses show that the sacramental nature of marriage of baptized stems from the New Testament. Dissolution of non-sacramental marriages is easier than sacramental. It is suggested that the dogmatists analyzed whether the unconditional call of a marriage contract and the sacrament is necessary. The new standards of Pope Francis require a process of their lawful use, reliability of employees in the ecclesiastical tribunals, as well as the great responsibility of the bishops and all the faithful. There is increasingly important need for a uniform discipline of the Church on marriage, including research and declared nullity. There should be increasing concern not only for people living in subsequent relationships, but also organizing special pastoral care of marriages, not just as families.
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