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The Evolution of the Female Diaconate in the Legislation of Gallic Synods in Late Christian Antiquity

100%

Bider M.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

2017

vol. 27

issue 2 English Online Version

79-108

The reconstruction of the canonical structure of the female diaconate in Gaul in the period between the fourth and sixth centuries runs into serious difficulties due to the scarcity of extant legal sources. The legislation of the six Gallic synods, which thoroughly dealt with the question of deaconesses, has survived until today. The synodal agenda also included issues related to the determination of the canonical status of widows and consecrated virgins, from amongst whom candidates for Gallic deaconesses were recruited. The crystallisation of the legal norms governing the female diaconate took place in the context of the ongoing Priscillian disputes and the emergence of the monastic movement. Despite the continued opposition towards the phenomenon of ordination of deaconesses expressed by the synods to come, such women certainly were still present in Gaul in the 6th century, as evidenced by the preserved literary and epigraphic materials. Due to the evolution of the term “diaconal” in the 6th century, the term acquired an additional meaning, namely “wife of a deacon.”

Ewolucja diakonatu kobiet w ustawodawstwie synodów galijskich u schyłku chrześcijańskiej starożytności

67%

Bider M.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

2017

vol. 27

issue 2

97-128

Zrekonstruowanie kanonicznej struktury instytucji żeńskiego diakonatu w Galii od IV do VI w., ze względu na szczątkowo zachowane źródła prawne, napotka na poważne trudności. Do naszych czasów zachowało się ustawodawstwo sześciu synodów galijskich, które zajęły się szeroko rozumianą problematyką diakonis. Agenda synodalnych obrad obejmowała również problematykę związaną z ustaleniem statusu kanonicznego wdów i dziewic konsekrowanych, z których rekrutowały się kandydatki na galijskie diakonise. Proces krystalizowania się norm prawnych, regulujących żeński diakonat, dokonał się w kontekście toczonych sporów pryscyliańskich i rodzącego się ruchu monastycznego. Pomimo ponawianych przez kolejne synody sprzeciwów wobec zjawiska ordynowania diakonis, istniały one z całą pewnością jeszcze w Galii w VI w., o czym świadczą zachowane świadectwa literackie i epigraficzne. W wyniku ewolucji terminowi „diacona” w VI w. nadano jeszcze jedno znaczenie, a mianowicie żony diakona.

The reconstruction of the canonical structure of the female diaconate institution in Gaul from the 4th to the 6th century, due to scarse preserved legal sources, encounters serious difficulties. The laws of the six Gauls's synods have been preserved to our times, which studied the widely understood issues of deaconesses. The synodal agenda also included questions related to determining the canonical status of widows and consecrated virgins, from which candidates for the Gaul’s deaconesses were recruited. The process of crystallization of the legal norms, regulating the female diaconate, came about in the context of the ongoing priscillian disputes and the emerging of the monastic movement. Despite the subsequent synods’ reiteration of their opposition to the phenomenon of ordination of deaconesses, they were certainly still present in Gaul in the 6th century, as evidenced by the preserved literary and epigraphic testimonies. As a result of the evolution of the term „diaconal” in the 6th century, one more meaning was added, namely, the wife of a deacon.

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2 Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

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The Evolution of the Female Diaconate in the Legislation of Gallic Synods in Late Christian Antiquity

Ewolucja diakonatu kobiet w ustawodawstwie synodów galijskich u schyłku chrześcijańskiej starożytności