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EN
Conservatism and liberalism as ideologies are in conflict but only seemingly. Synthesis is possible. The proof is given by the journalists of the Najwyższy Czas! weekly. In short: liberalism in economy and conservatism in a social life and in morality. The roots of their conceptions we can find in a number of past and contemporary thoughts of the philosophers, economists, sociologists and politicians. Adam Smith gave the basis for economic opinions, above all about the “invisible hand” in the free market. Edmund Burke was the first conservative, who noticed the essence of liberal values. The propagator of laissez‑faire concept – Frederic Bastiat declared oneself in favour of stable law and the minimal statism (night‑watch state), which will guarantee individual’s freedom. Representatives of Austrian School – Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich August von Hayek specified and extended French thinker’s conceptions, became a natural inspirers of Polish liberal conservatives. The practical ways of applying a liberal economy with preserving conservatives values gave Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan.
EN
The article is devoted to the representative system, which was one of the elements of the social and political thought of the Russian philosopher Boris Chicherin, who worked in the second half of the nineteenth century. The author analyzes the structure of national representation and the factors which – according to Boris Chicherin – weakened or strengthened the system. In this article, the author emphasizes the role of different factors: social groups (aristocracy, middle class), political liberty and property, that were important for the formation of representative institutions. The analysis of the representative system would not be possible without presenting the basic outline of the conservative-liberal philosophy of the Russian thinker.
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