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EN
This text is the first publication of Autobiography of the leading Krakow stanczyk supporter, Stanislaw Kozmian (1836-1922). It was written around 1900 in Vienna and its origin is connected with the 40th anniversary of publication work of Kozmian. In this text the author presents mostly his political merits in Galicia trying to persuade the reader that breaking with the irredentism tradition and supporting loyalism and organic work (especially in the field of culture) by the Poles in Galicia are mostly his merit.
PL
Tekst jest pierwszym wydaniem Autobiografii czołowego krakowskiego stańczyka, Stanisława Koźmiana (1836–1922). Powstał on około 1900 roku w Wiedniu, a jego geneza wiąże się z czterdziestą rocznicą działalności publicystycznej Koźmiana. W Autobiografii Koźmian przedstawia przede wszystkim swoje zasługi polityczne w Galicji, starając się przekonać czytelnika, że zerwanie z tradycją irredentystyczną i opowiedzenie się Polaków w Galicji za lojalizmem i pracą organiczną (zwłaszcza na polu kultury) to przede wszystkim jego zasługa.
EN
The article is conceived in response to recent debates about a specifically Chinese historical thinking in modern times. It turns to the earliest articles about “new historiography” published since the very end of the Qing dynasty and during the early republican period, when history became an independent academic discipline in China. The research is based on several polemical essays beginning with Liang Qichao’s Xin Shixue from 1902, followed by the debate about “national past” (guogu) started in the radical student journal Xin Chao during the early May Fourth period, and the “reorganization of national past” (zhengli guogu) movement which followed afterwards. Besides Liang Qichao, ideas of younger authors are discussed extensively, such as Mao Zishui and Hu Shi, as well as Gu Jiegang and to some extent also He Bingsong. Comparison of the first systematic formulation of the concept of new historiography by Liang Qichao with the May Fourth debate shows mostly similarity in the basic demands for radical transformation and new orientation of the discipline. This observation confirms our understanding of the process of intellectual transformation of China and the influx of western ideas between the Late Qing and early republic as continuous.
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