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1
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Creating consumer protection law vs. responsible borrowing on the consumer loan market

100%
Borys G., Manacka R.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2019
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vol. 53
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issue 3
EN
Responsible borrowing means a thorough reflection on the need to become indebted, full transfer of true information affecting creditworthiness, comprehensive analysis of the credit agreement, and refraining from avoiding the repayment of loan obligations. The main purpose of the article is to verify the hypothesis that Polish legislators make only the lenders fully responsible for excessive borrowing on the consumer loan market. The following research methods were used: critical analysis of the subject literature and economic analysis of the respective legal provisions. On the basis of the analyses conducted, areas were identified in which the legislator should use the appropriate legal instruments stimulating responsible borrowing. Among them the following were listed: the consumer’s obligation to prove the absence of overdue payments and the consumer’s notifiation of becoming acquainted with the terms of the loan agreement.
PL
Responsible borrowing means a thorough reflection on the need to become indebted, full transfer of true information affecting creditworthiness, comprehensive analysis of the credit agreement, and refraining from avoiding the repayment of loan obligations. The main purpose of the article is to verify the hypothesis that Polish legislators make only the lenders fully responsible for excessive borrowing on the consumer loan market. The following research methods were used: critical analysis of the subject literature and economic analysis of the respective legal provisions. On the basis of the analyses conducted, areas were identified in which the legislator should use the appropriate legal instruments stimulating responsible borrowing. Among them the following were listed: the consumer's obligation to prove the absence of overdue payments and the consumer’s notification of becoming acquainted with the terms of the loan agreement.
2
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Skuteczność administracyjnej regulacji cen kredytów konsumenckich w obszarze shadow banking w świetle doświadczeń polskich i międzynarodowych.

67%
Gębski Ł.
Studia z Polityki Publicznej
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2018
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vol. 5
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issue 1(17)
33-47
EN
This article concerns the effectiveness of price regulations (the application of the rate cap) in the shadow banking area. The author analyses the situation in Poland and the examples from the selected markets (where this type of regulations was implemented). Taking into account that the main role of the regulator is to ensure the highest possible level of consumer protection in the financial market, by eliminating the negative impact of asymmetries and usury – the effectiveness of proposed solutions stays crucial for all market players. Until 2015 lending activity and market practices related to microloans (payday loans) offered by Non-Banking Financial Institutions in Poland were not regulated. After Amber Gold’s bankruptcy a lot of actions were taken to regulate the consumer finance market including a plan to limit the maximum cost of a consumer loan. All the proposed measures were similar to those implemented in other countries. Examples of regulations from other countries show that too restrictive regulations may have increased financial exclusion, but too liberal/imprecise ones might make them ineffective. Regardless the identified risks, the Polish government decided to apply hard/ restrictive market regulations. 
PL
Autor analizuje zmiany regulacyjne na rynku pożyczkowym w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rozwiązań dotyczących funkcjonowania niebankowych instytucji finansowych, które udzielają krótkoterminowych kredytów konsumenckich (mikropożyczek). Podejmuje próbę oceny ich prawdopodobnej skuteczności w świetle doświadczeń innych państw.
3
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Regulacje a jakość kredytów konsumenckich w  Polsce

60%
Łosiewicz-Dniestrzańska E.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2013
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vol. 47
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issue 3
EN
The main goal of regulation in the area of banking recognized in the literature has been to stabilize the banking system. The attention was also drawn to reduce the risk of banking operations. Another impact on the banking activities is not clear, though. It is the quality of banking services, which from the point of view of the bank – lead to increase in the quality of services. However, if regulations tighten rules for provision of services, their role in improving the quality of services, from the point of view of the customer, becomes questionable.The paper presents a  brief description of existing regulations in Poland’s consumer loans, and the impact of regulations on the quality of consumer loans including providers of these services (banks and shadow banking).
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
4

Analiza roli kredytów konsumpcyjnych w procesie dyfuzji innowacji – ujęcie aksjomatyczne

60%
Ciałowicz B.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2016
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issue 9(957)
5-20
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest formalna analiza roli kredytów konsumpcyjnych w procesie dyfuzji innowacji. Aby zrealizować postawione zadanie, zostały użyte następujące narzędzia: teorio-mnogościowy i topologiczny aparat pojęciowy z teorii równowagi ogólnej oraz statyczny model ekonomii Debreu z pieniądzem w postaci wielozakresowego systemu relacyjnego. Dla danego modelu zdefiniowano specyficzne rozszerzenia ze względu na zmiany innowacyjne w sferze konsumpcji lub zmiany imitujące w sferze produkcji. Wprowadzone rozszerzenia umożliwiły formalne zdefiniowanie procesu dyfuzji innowacji oraz przeprowadzenie analizy roli kredytów konsumpcyjnych w tym procesie. W szczególności wykazano, że kredyty te mogą poprawić końcowy stan równowagi danego procesu.
EN
The paper’s aim is to formally analyse the role consumer loans play in the process of diffusing innovation. To that end, the following tools are employed: a set-theoretical and topological apparatus borrowed from general equilibrium theory and a static model of the Debreu economy with money in the form of a multi-range relational system. Specific extensions are defined for this model with respect to innovative changes in a consumption sphere or imitative changes in the production sphere. A formal definition of the diffusion of innovation is then introduced and analysis of the role of consumer loans in this process is presented. Finally, it is shown that consumer loans may improve the process’ ultimate equilibrium.
5
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Determinanty recesji na rynku pożyczek pozabankowych w Polsce

48%
Waliszewski K.
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
|
2020
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vol. 1
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issue 25
105-121
EN
The tightening of banking regulations in the field of retail lending (recommendations of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority) led to a dynamic growth in the non-bank loans sector in Poland. In addition to the traditional (off-line) segment of loans granted at home and in stationary outlets – own and partner ones, e.g. through financial intermediaries in connection with the development of modern technologies in consumer finance (fin-tech), the remotely granted loans segment has been dynamically developed (on-line, digital lending, Lend-tech). During the dynamic growth of the loan sector, a number of prudential and loan consumer protection regulations entered into force, and the largest loan institutions were covered by the so-called bank tax. However, loan market statistics for 2019 show that from month to month the sales dynamics of non-bank loans fell to reach negative values at the end of the year, which in practice means a state of recession on this market. The purpose of the article is to identify the determinants of the recession of the non-bank loans market observed in 2019. The article uses literature on the subject, which consists of legal acts, scientific articles, reports and statistical data.
PL
Zaostrzenie regulacji w zakresie detalicznej działalności kredytowej banków (rekomendacja T KNF) doprowadziła do dynamicznego wzrostu sektora pożyczek pozabankowych w Polsce. Obok segmentu tradycyjnego (off-line) pożyczek udzielanych w domu i w punktach stacjonarnych – własnych i partnerskich, np. poprzez pośredników finansowych w związku z rozwojem nowoczesnych technologii w finansach konsumenckich (fin-tech), powstał i dynamicznie rozwinął się segment pożyczek udzielanych zdalnie (on-line, digital lending, Lendtech). W okresie dynamicznego wzrostu pozabankowego sektora pożyczkowego w życie weszło szereg regulacji o charakterze ostrożnościowym i w zakresie ochrony konsumenta–pożyczkobiorcy, a największe instytucje pożyczkowe od lutego 2016 r. zostały objęte tzw. podatkiem bankowym. Jednak statystyki rynku pożyczkowego za 2019 r. wskazują, że z miesiąca na miesiąc dynamika sprzedaży pożyczek pozabankowych spadała, aby w końcu roku osiągnąć ujemne wartości (ok. –3%), oznaczające w praktyce stan recesji tego rynku. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja determinant zaobserwowanej w 2019 r. recesji rynku pożyczek pozabankowych. W artykule wykorzystano literaturę przedmiotu, na którą składają się akty prawne, artykuły naukowe, raporty i dane statystyczne.
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