The consumption of functional foods in Poland is still relatively low compared to the level of interest observed in the countries of Western Europe. An important factor in determining its level is perceived by consumer risk , which effectively prevents potential buyers from making a purchase. Consumers were concerned about their state of emotional tension that often prevented them from successful purchasing. While deciding to purchase a new product the consumer (many functional food products are new ) take the risk of a failed purchase (perceived risk), and thus has a feeling of loss. The purpose of this article is to identify factors influencing consumer risk revealed in the process of purchasing functional foods.
PL
Konsumpcja żywności funkcjonalnej w Polsce od kilku lat pozostaje na relatywnie niskim poziomie w stosunku do poziomu zainteresowania obserwowanego w krajach Europy Zachodniej. Istotnym czynnikiem determinującym jej poziom jest postrzegane ryzyko konsumenckie, które skutecznie powstrzymuje potencjalnych nabywców do zakupów produktów żywności funkcjonalnej. Odczuwane wątpliwości konsumentów wywołują u nich stan napięcia emocjonalnego, który często skutecznie powstrzymuje podjęte zamiary zakupowe. Konsument, podejmując decyzję o zakupie nowego produktu (a dla wielu produkty żywności funkcjonalnej są nowością), liczy się z ryzykiem nieudanego zakupu (czyli postrzega ryzyko), a tym samym odczuwa pewne zagrożenie poniesienia straty. Celem artykułu jest określenie czynników kształtujących ryzyko konsumenckie ujawniające się w procesie zakupu żywności funkcjonalnej.
W artykule omówiono rolę ryzyka w procesie podejmowania decyzji zakupu przez konsumentów i jego rodzaje. Wskazano na możliwości zmniejszenia postrzeganego przez konsumenta ryzyka zakupu produktów turystycznych.
EN
In the market economy the consumer is in the focus of attention. Their market decisions determine the prosperity and success of an enterprise manufacturing and selling products. The knowledge of consumer behaviour and factors which shape it are the basis for taking marketing decisions at all stages of creating a market offer. The importance of individual factors which shape consumer behaviour on the market varies depending on the type of a purchased product. In case of tourist products these behaviour patterns are seriously affected by perceived risk. A purchase of a tourist product is a risky activity, in particular as far as a product acquired for the first time is concerned; such a purchase is usually accompanied by the risk of making the wrong decision and suffering different types of damages. The perceived risk can lead to resigning from purchasing a product by the consumer. It is a factor seriously affecting consumer behaviour as well as market offers of tourist agencies plus sales volume of tourist products. The article discusses the role of risk in the process of taking the decision concerning purchases by consumers and its kinds, it also points to opportunities of decreasing the risk of tourist product purchase, perceived by consumers.
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