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Některé shodné motivy městských legend v Bulharsku a v České republice

100%
Kokudeva R.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
|
2020
|
issue 2
94-101
EN
The presented article identifies and compares several shared motifs of urban legends in Bulgaria and the Czech Republic. The legends are classified into following thematic groups: 1) mysterious narratives and encounters with preternatural creatures, which are neither helpful nor harmful; 2) mysterious signs and encounters with preternatural creatures which cause death or other harm to the participants of the story; 3) mysterious signs and encounters with preternatural creatures which help people; 4) summoning and invoking of ghosts; 5) criminal stories — murders and assaults causing bodily harm with or without motive; 6) scary stories — parodies. Analyzed parallels between particular narratives documented in Bulgaria and the Czech Republic confirm shared folkloric substratum which points out to both their universality and international distribution.
2

Loodus tuleb tagasi: delfiinid ja saurused. Libauudistest, photoshop-muistenditest ja meemidest koroonakarantiini ajal

72%
Kalmre E.
Mäetagused
|
2021
|
vol. 79
167-184
EN
The article follows the narrative trend initiated by the social media posts and fake news during the first months of the corona quarantine, which claims that the decrease of contamination due to the quarantine has a positive effect on the environment and nature recovery. The author describes the context of the topic and follows the changes in the rhetoric through different genres, discussing the ways in which a picture can tell a truthful story. What is the relation between the context, truth, and rhetoric? This material spread globally, yet it was also readily “translated” into the Estonian context, and – what is very characteristic of the entire pandemic material – when approaching this material, truthful and fabricated texts, photos, and videos were combined. From the folkloristic point of view, these rumours in the form of fake news, first presented in the function of a tall tale and further following the sliding truth scale of legends, constitute a part of coping strategies, so-called crisis humour, yet, on the other hand, also a belief story presenting positive imagery, which surrounds the mainly apocalyptically perceived pandemic period and interprets the human existence on a wider scale. Even if these fake news and memes have no truth value, they communicate an idea – nature recovers – and definitely offer hope and a feeling of well-being.
3
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Novinová pověst a biografické vyprávění jako symptom krize prozaické folkloristiky? Poznámka k dějinám folkloristických konceptů

72%
Janeček P.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
|
2022
|
issue 2
32-44
EN
The text investigates critical history of two important genological concepts which appeared in Central European (mostly Czech, German and Polish) folkloristics in the 20th century: Zeitungssage (newspaper legend) and personal experience narrative (memorate). Both of these concepts appeared as somewhat desperate attempt of the textocentric discipline to deal with growing number of documented oral narratives which could not fit into „standard“ genres of verbal folklore such as folktale or legend. The author argues that both of these attempts partly led to a dead end — and, because of that, during the early 2000s, had been largely abandoned by many researchers. Studies of these texts then achieved paradigm shift influenced by international folkloristics — some of the studied material started to be classified as contemporary legend and rumour, while the other part followed disciplinary path of oral history. Nevertheless, both of these concepts present fascinating chapter in history of prosaic folkloristics in particular and memory studies in general.
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