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EN
The settlement of the amount of compensation is a complex process, which requires taking into consideration many factors, also the injured person’s behavior. The injured person often takes part in causing or increasing the damage, that this way it is necessary to analyze the impact of his behavior on the amount of compensation. The article presented the analysis of contributory conduct of the injured person to causing and increasing the damage as a factor that influences on the amount of compensation in contractual liability.
EN
The following paper examines the impact of the recent Supreme Court judgment which established new guidelines regarding the basis of director liability. According to the ruling, the receiver (syndyk) may demand damages under contractual liability by pursuing a claim provided for in art. 293 of Polish Company Code. This conclusion differs significantly from the previously adopted position. Until now, the courts have held that the receiver, as a third party, can demand compensation only under tort liability. The considerations in the discussed judgment are focused on the question of the shareholders’ resolution necessary to claim damages. However, a more thorough analysis reveals the far-reaching consequences of the ruling. In particular, the paper argues that the new guidelines may affect the class of behaviour which may give rise to director liability as well as the limitation period for damage claims.
PL
Glosa analizuje wpływ niedawnego wyroku Sądu Najwyższego, w którym ustalono nowe wskazania dotyczące podstawy odpowiedzialności członka zarządu. Zgodnie z tym orzeczeniem syndyk może żądać naprawienia szkody w ramach odpowiedzialności kontraktowej przez dochodzenie roszczenia przewidzianego w art. 293 Kodeksu spółek handlowych. Wniosek ten istotnie różni się od przyjętego wcześniej stanowiska. Dotychczas bowiem sądy uznawały, że syndyk, jako osoba trzecia, może żądać odszkodowania tylko w ramach odpowiedzialności deliktowej. Rozważania w omawianym wyroku skupiają na kwestii uchwały wspólników niezbędnej do żądania odszkodowania. Niemniej pogłębiona analiza tego orzeczenia ujawnia dalej idące konsekwencje tego rozstrzygnięcia. W glosie podnosi się w szczególności, że nowe wskazania mogą oddziaływać na klasę zachowań powodujących powstanie odpowiedzialności członka zarządu, a także wpływać na termin przedawnienia.
EN
The purpose of this article is to synthesize the basic acts of the so-called model contract law and the relations between the solutions adopted in them and the regulation of contractual penalty applicable in Polish law. Particular emphasis was puted on the analysis of conditions for a claim for payment of a contractual penalty and acceptable limits of modification of a debtor’s liability in Polish and model law. On the basis of model law, it was proposed to resolve the most frequent doubts in Polish doctrine. The comparative conclusions drawn in relation to the contractual penalty are also an example of evaluation of the Polish regulation from the point of view of the progressing process of European private law harmonisation.
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