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EN
The article presents a multi – dimensional look at the issue of coping with stress, situating health monitoring and the sense of self – effectiveness in people with recognized cancer. The results of self – studies were displayed, showing whether and to what degree the strategies of managing the disease depend on the subjects’ sex. The existence of the relationship between the tested variables (situating health monitoring and the sense of self – effectiveness) and the strategies of coping with the disease stress, was proved.
EN
The purpose of this study was to test the association between individualistic, collectivistic and affiliative orientation and stress coping style. It was hypothesised that highly individualistic subjects will mainly choose change, self-blame and problem oriented styles, highly collectivistic subjects will choose emotional regulation and imitative coping style, whereas highly affiliative subjects will prefer the acting out style, defined as a tendency to express negative emotions and discuss problems with others. The Polish version of Lazarus and Folkman’s Ways of Coping Questionnaire (adapted by Łosiak) and Adamska’s Individualism, Collectivism and Affiliativity Questionnaire were used. Individualism was positively correlated with problem orientation, collectivism was positively correlated with resignation and situation accepting styles and negatively correlated with emotional regulation. The affiliative orientation was positively associated with problem orientation and imitative coping styles. The preferred coping style depends on the dominant social orientation.
EN
The increasing interest of scientists in the issue of occupational stress indicates that the phenomenon is becoming more and more widespread globally. Extensive research indicates that, due to the character of stress sources that contribute to occupational burnout, employees in the sector of social services are most likely to experience the syndrome. This sector of employees includes nurses, doctors, therapists, police officers and teachers. The current socio-political situation in our country – particularly the politicization of the educational system, the radical reforms that have led to additional obligations and responsibilities, the requirement of continuous skill enhancement and professional self-improvement – undoubtedly contribute to an increasing level of dissatisfaction amongst teachers. This article is devoted to qualitative research designed to learn the opinions of Pedagogy students on stress-inducing work factors in the teaching profession as well as ways of coping with organisational stress. The results of the research indicate that respondents identify work-related stress sources as various factors related to working environment, educational reform and the socio-political situation. These factors include teachers’ low social status and inadequate pay, changes introduced by the educational reform that imposed additional tasks and obligations, and resulted in a vague occupational role for teachers and job insecurity. Further stress-inducing factors include students’ behavioural issues and challenges, and lack of motivation to learn, as well as parents’ inappropriate approach, especially their demanding attitude, antipathy and a lack of cooperation between parents and schools. Other stress factors include work overload and bureaucracy, unfavourable working conditions and obstacles to professional growth and development. As far as stress-coping strategies are concerned, future teachers propose remedial actions such as searching for information and direct efforts to solve the problem satisfactorily. Moreover, they choose strategies designed to regulate emotions and tension. The results of the research instil optimism as the Pedagogy students are able to use adaptive coping strategies in the area of relations and mutual interpersonal communication between teachers and their students, which is particularly desirable in the teaching profession. What is more, the ability to relax and relieve stress helps a person to think rationally and deliver better-quality work, which is especially important in this socially valuable profession.
EN
Presented paper deals with the dependency between organisational interpersonal atmosphere in organisations and coping strategies, used by polish and german workers. There were 30 Polish and 30 German subjects, representing three kinds of business companies: commercial, concerning computer technology and productive. The methods were Kolb’s Questionnaire for Organisational Atmosphere and Coping Inventory of Stress Strategy by Endler and Parker, both in Polish or German linguistic version. The results suggest that there is certain difference between Polish and German workers: the former are used to apply coping strategies, which are appropriate to the perceived organisational weaknesses, the latter – mostly use strategies directed towards the emotional discomfort and tension. Surprisingly, the Poles who are functioning in well organised office are motivated to use mainly emotional (and avoiding) strategies, what may be understood as a result of weak identification with the organisation.
EN
Introduction: There are studies, which prove a positive influence of biological drugs on effects of medical therapy but there are few of them, which focus on aspects of quality of life and coping with stress. Purpose: To assess quality of life (QoL) and methods of coping with stress depending on the used form of therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Materials and methods: Comparative analysis included 64 patients: I group B – treated with the method of biological agents; II group T - treated according to rheumatologic standards. The study used: Short Form 36 (SF–36)- general questionnaire use for assessment QoL, HAQ (Health Assessment Questionnaire) scale of functional efficiency, Mini-COPE inventory for coping with stress. Results: Assessment of QoL with the use of the SF-36 questionnaire showed low QoL of patients in both groups. Higher QoL was observed in group B in all domains except PF domain where group T got a higher score. Analysis of QoL within total physical and mental health assessment also indicated higher QoL of patients from group B relatively PCS (39.8% vs. 33.5%) and MCS (56.9% vs. 40.9%; p<0.001). Analysis of coping with stress showed that the most common strategies of coping with stress in group B are positive: sense of humour (1.06 vs. 0.61; p=0.008) and planning (1.95 vs. 1.81), positive redefinition (1.59 vs. 1.48), acceptance (2.00 vs. 1.95). Whereas among patients in group T the strategy ‘turn to religion’ prevails (1.44 vs. 0.91; p=0.014). Conclusions: Biological agents favourably affect assessment of QoL and a degree of functional disability in patients with significant intensification of the disease symptoms. In patients treated with biological drugs using positive strategies of coping with stress, and difficult situation is observed. Patients treated with biological drugs show better satisfaction from treatment and fewer unfavourable symptoms resulting from the used therapy.
EN
The purpose of this project was to determine the relationships between the sense of coherence and paramedics’ coping with stress styles. Owning such resources as high sense of coherence or task-oriented coping with stress style does not imply triggering them in encountering a critical situation. However, if triggered, they become an important variable acting as an intermediary between stressful events and coping. Two concepts serve as a theoretical basis: R. Lazarus’ transactional theory of stress and Antonovsky’s salutogenic theory.
EN
Objectives: This current study investigates the relationship between the endorsement of masculine and feminine gender role orientation in accordance with Bem’s indices and both personal resources and coping with stress. Materials and Methods: The Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Life Orientation Scale-Revised, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Personal Competence Scale were completed by 308 employees of a city transport company (123 females and 185 males). Results: Results reveal that androgynous individuals, masculine women and masculine men, possess stronger psychological resources compared with undifferentiated and feminine individuals. Moreover, satisfaction with life, femininity, the sense of personal competence and optimism are significant predictors of coping (in descending order of influence). Masculinity is a significant positive predictor only in problem-oriented coping. Conclusions: These findings may have implications for the conservation of personal resources as well as for stress management interventions.
EN
The article covers the issue of coping with stress among staff under flexible employment in Poland. It presents the results of empirical studies covering 2.118 respondents employed under nine flexible forms of work: employed for a specified period of time, part-time, commission contracts (contracts of mandate), self-employed people, remote workers (telecommuters), for substitution, temporary and seasonal workers as well as employed under social economy. The research was exploratory in its character due to a lack of data on these variables in the Polish non-traditional forms of employment. Empirical results confirm that the results of level of experienced stress are average and probably don’t differ from the attitudes in traditional forms of employment. Despite that, research results confirm interesting differences in the preferred coping styles among nine form of flexible employment, as well as taking into account socio – demographical variables.
EN
There are approximately 38 million HIV-positive patients in the world. The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy has significantly increased the life expectancy of infected patients. The objective of this study was to observe the relationship between resilience (assessed using the SPP-25 Scale), coping strategies (Mini-COPE Scale) as well as trauma effects (SF-CiOQ Scale) and quality of life (SWLS Scale) in people living with HIV. The study included 78 individuals (26 women and 52 men) aged 18–65 years. Significant relationships between resilience and coping strategies were demonstrated in people living with HIV. Resilience and active coping were conducive to positive trauma effects and satisfaction with life. Non-adaptive coping strategies favored negative trauma effects. The strategy of positive reframing acted as a mediator in the relationship between resilience vs. positive and negative trauma effects in people living with HIV. The scores indicate the need for practitioners to focus on interventions which elevate resilience and active coping to improve mental health in people living with HIV.
EN
Podjęte w artykule rozważania teoretyczno-empiryczne dotyczą radzenia sobie przez pracowników instytucji kultury z problemami zawodowymi i mają na celu zdiagnozowanie zależności między stosowanymi przez nich stylami radzenia sobie ze stresem w miejscu pracy a ich cechami społeczno-zawodowymi. W części teoretycznej artykuł zawiera zwięzłe omówienie problematyki związanej ze stresem zawodowym oraz próbę definicji pojęć „instytucja kultury” oraz „pracownik instytucji kultury”. W części empirycznej zaprezentowano wyniki badań własnych oraz wnioski. Określenie sposobów radzenia sobie ze stresem wydaje się ważne ze względu na skuteczność wykonywanej pracy i może stanowić podstawę do formułowania wskazań dla praktyki zawodowej.
EN
The study aimed at searching for the relationship between the locus of control and coping with stress in women with anorexia nervosa. The results of 72 women, including 26 ones suffering from anorexia and 46 healthy ones, constituting the control group, were analysed. In the study, the Delta Questionnaire for sense-of-control assessments by Drwal was used alongside the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) by Endler and Parker. Women with anorexia nervosa are different from healthy ones in that their external locus of control is significantly stronger. When coping with stress, women with anorexia nervosa use the emotional style significantly more frequently than healthy ones, whereas they use the task-oriented style and the avoiding style in the form of seeking support from other people significantly less frequently. In the group of women with anorexia, the external locus of control correlates positively with the emotional style and the avoiding style in the form of undertaking substitutive activities, and it correlates negatively with the lie scale. The results can constitute the basis for further analyses aiming at searching for interrelations between the locus of control and other dimensions of the psychosocial functioning of women with eating disorders.
PL
Celem podjętego badania było poszukiwanie związków między poczuciem umiejscowienia kontroli a sposobami radzenia sobie ze stresem u kobiet z jadłowstrętem psychicznym. Analizie poddano wyniki 72 kobiet, w tym 26 z anoreksją oraz 46 zdrowych, stanowiących grupę kontrolną. W badaniu wykorzystano Kwestionariusz do Pomiaru Poczucia Kontroli (Delta) Drwala oraz Kwestionariusz Radzenia Sobie w Sytuacjach Stresowych (CISS) Endlera i Parkera. Kobiety z jadłowstrętem psychicznym odróżnia od zdrowych istotnie wyższe zewnętrzne poczucie umiejscowienia kontroli. W sytuacjach stresowych istotnie częściej niż zdrowe wykorzystują styl emocjonalny, istotnie rzadziej natomiast stosują styl zadaniowy i unikowy w formie poszukiwania wsparcia u innych. W grupie kobiet z anoreksją zewnętrzne umiejscowienie kontroli koreluje dodatnio ze stylem emocjonalnym i unikowym w postaci angażowania się w działania zastępcze oraz ujemnie ze skalą kłamstwa. Badanie może stanowić podstawę dalszych analiz, mających na celu poszukiwanie związków między poczuciem umiejscowienia kontroli a innymi wymiarami psychospołecznego funkcjonowania kobiet z zaburzeniami odżywiania.
EN
The research aimed at searching for the relationship between the ways of coping with stress and the sense of coherence in women suffering from bulimia nervosa. The study comprised 36 women with bulimia nervosa according to the ICD-10 criteria, as well as 46 healthy women, constituting the control group. The members of both groups were not substantially different considering their age, their marital status, and their education. In the study, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) by Endler and Parker was used alongside the Life Orientation Questionnaire (SOC-29) by Antonovsky. When coping with stress, women with bulimia nervosa use the emotional style and the avoiding style in the form of undertaking substitutive activities significantly more frequently than healthy women, and they use the task-oriented style significantly less frequently.Women suffering from bulimia are characterized with a substantially weaker sense of coherence, both in the total result and in particular dimensions. The research confirmed the partially accepted hypotheses concerning the interrelation between the ways of coping with stress and the sense of coherence of the participants. In the group of women with bulimia, the task-oriented style correlates positively with the feeling of comprehensibility, whereas the emotional style correlates negatively with the general sense of coherence as well as its particular dimensions. The avoiding style of coping with stress in the form of undertaking substitutive actions correlates negatively with the sense of comprehensibility and the sense of meaningfulness, as well as with the total SOC in women suffering from bulimia nervosa. The received results can constitute the basis for further analyses aiming at searching for interrelations between different dimensions of the psychosocial functioning of people with eating disorders.
PL
Podjęte badanie miało na celu poszukiwanie związków między sposobami radzenia sobie ze stresem a poczuciem koherencji u kobiet z żarłocznością psychiczną. Badaniami objęto 82 kobiety, w tym 36 z bulimią według kryteriów badawczych ICD-10 oraz 46 zdrowych, stanowiących grupę kontrolną. Grupy nie różniły się istotnie pod względem wieku, stanu cywilnego i wykształcenia. W badaniu wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Radzenia Sobie w Sytuacjach Stresowych (CISS) Endlera i Parkera oraz Kwestionariusz Orientacji Życiowej (SOC-29) Antonovsky’ego.Kobiety z żarłocznością psychiczną w radzeniu sobie ze stresem istotnie częściej niż zdrowe stosują styl emocjonalny i unikowy w formie angażowania się w działania zastępcze, istotnie rzadziej natomiast wykorzystują styl zadaniowy. Kobiety z bulimią charakteryzuje znacząco niższe poczucie koherencji zarówno w wyniku ogólnym, jak i w poszczególnych wymiarach. Badanie częściowo potwierdziło przyjęte hipotezy dotyczące zależności między sposobami radzenia sobie ze stresem a poczuciem koherencji badanych. W grupie kobiet z bulimią styl zadaniowy koreluje dodatnio z poczuciem zrozumiałości, natomiast styl emocjonalny koreluje ujemnie z ogólnym poczuciem koherencji i jego wymiarami. Unikowy styl radzenia sobie ze stresem w formie angażowania się w czynności zastępcze koreluje ujemnie z poczuciem zrozumiałości i sensowności oraz ogólnym SOC kobiet z żarłocznością psychiczną. Uzyskane wyniki mogą stanowić podstawę dalszych analiz mających na celu poszukiwanie związku między różnymi wymiarami psychospołecznego funkcjonowania osób z zaburzeniami odżywiania.
EN
Previous research on the addicts focused primarily on the aspect of reactive coping, while proactive approach was ignored. The aspect of impulsivity also proved to be little examined, due to the variety of research from distinct perspectives. In view of the above, the objective of this thesis was to investigate differences in characteristics of impulsivity and reactive and proactive coping among addicts and men without addiction. The work consists of three chapters. The first focuses on a review of theory and research in the field of addiction, impulsivity, and coping with stress. The second chapter presents methodology of research, and in the third chapter results are presented and discussed. In order to verify the formulated hypotheses, research was carried out on 160 men. The experimental group was 80 addicted men, while the control group was composed of the same number of men without addiction. Three psychological tools have been applied: Impulsivity – IVE Questionnaire, Questionnaire coping – CISS and Scale of Responses to Daily Events – PCI. In order to carry out the statistical analysis STATISTICA was used. The analysis of the results allowed significant differences between groups of subjects studied. Men with drug addiction had a higher intensity of impulsivity, and the use of escape coping strategies, among which are proactive strategies related to search for instrumental and emotional support, and coping by avoiding. Men without addiction compared to those from the experimental group apply more often the performance style of coping and proactive strategies related to preventive and reflexive coping, and strategic planning.
EN
Celem pracy jest określenie związków między poczuciem koherencji ze stylami radzenia sobie ze stresem u alumnów Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego. Do weryfikacji hipotez zastosowano dwa kwestionariusze: Kwestionariusz Orientacji Życiowej SOC-29 A. Antonovsky’ego oraz Kwestionariusz Radzenia Sobie w Sytuacjach Stresowych (CISS) Endlera i Parkera. Zbadano 43 seminarzystów i 43 studentów uniwersytetu. Testowano związki między poczuciem koherencji a stylami radzenia sobie ze stresem. Stwierdzono statystycznie wyższe wyniki seminarzystów w porównaniu do grupy kontrolnej w skalach poczucia zrozumiałości, zaradności i sensowności niż studenci z grupy kontrolnej. Ponadto alumni istotnie rzadziej radzą sobie ze stresem, koncentrując się na emocjach czy na strategiach unikowych poprzez angażowanie się w czynności zastępcze.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę radzenia sobie ze stresem, którego źródłem jest wykonywanie pracy nauczyciela religii. W pierwszej części artykułu autor odwołuje się do osobistego doświadczenia katechetów w celu uchwycenia specyfiki stresu generowanego przez katechezę szkolną i zaprezentowania listy stresorów. Druga część zawiera wyjaśnienie pojęcia stresu w perspektywie psychologicznej oraz jego pozytywnych i negatywnych konsekwencji w psychofizycznym funkcjonowaniu człowieka. W trzeciej części przedstawiono kwestię radzenia sobie ze stresem oraz czynniki warunkujące efektywność różnych strategii zaradczych. Analiza podjętego problemu prowadzi do konkluzji o potrzebie permanentnego rozwoju duchowego i osobowościowego nauczycieli religii.
EN
This article talks about the issue of coping with stress related to the job of the religious education teacher. In the first part of the article the author refers to the personal experiences of religion teachers in order to understand the kind of stress resulting from teaching religion education classes and further present a list of such stress factors. The second part includes an explanation of the psychological concept of stress as well as its positive and negative influence on the psychosomatic functioning of a person. In the third part, the author explores the issue of coping with stress and presents various factors determining the effectiveness of the strategies used to cope with stress. The analysis of the issue undertaken by this article leads to a conclusion that recommends an ongoing spiritual and personal development for catechists.
EN
Introduction: For a woman menopause is a time of numerous physiological changes undergoing in the body. The occurring changes result from a major reduction in female hormonal production by the ovaries. As a consequence of this process, bothersome levels of physical and psychological perimenopausal symptoms are often experienced, such as vasomotor instability, perspiration, skeletal changes, problems with memory and concentration, irritability, mood swings. During this period there is an increased risk of coronary thrombosis, breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes. Women should be aware that a healthy lifestyle eases the discomfort and the effects of biological transitory change occurring during this period. Aim of study: The aim of the study was to assess the lifestyle of women during the menopause transition years and their ways of coping with stress. Material and Methods: Diagnostic survey method was used for the study, the tools being the standardized Healthful Lifestyle Questionnaire with relevant changes, and the CISS questionnaire on stress management. The first questionnaire consisted of 30 questions regarding lifestyle, e.g. physical activity, dietary habits and healthy behaviour. The other tool contained 48 statements describing reactions to difficult and stressful situations. The survey was conducted on a group of 76 women aged 45-60, living in the city of Cracow and Krzeszowice administrative district. The respondents were chosen randomly and participation was anonymous and voluntary. For the statistical analysis of healthy lifestyle questionnaire the Pearson χ² method was used. The issues discussed in the CISS questionnaire were analyzed by a single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Outcomes: A vast majority of the respondents do not lead healthy lifestyles. 86% do not have an adequate amount of physical activity, 91% do not have a healthy diet and 58% do not comply with doctor’s instructions. Almost all the surveyed women (95%) declare that they are not able to cope with stress. Conclusions: Women’s lifestyles in the menopause transition years do not promote good health and a sense of physical and emotional well-being. It shows the need to provide women with a wide range of information regarding health behaviour in this period.
PL
Wstęp: Okres menopauzalny jest dla kobiety czasem wielu przemian fizjologicznych, jakim podlega organizm kobiety. Zachodzące przemiany są wynikiem osłabienia funkcji hormonalnej jajników. Konsekwencją tego są często nasilone dolegliwości fizyczne i psychiczne, takie jak zmiany naczynioruchowe, potliwość, zmiany w kośćcu, zaburzenia koncentracji i pamięci, drażliwość, zmiany nastroju. W tym okresie zwiększa się również u kobiet ryzyko zachorowania na chorobę wieńcową, raka sutka, jelita grubego, cukrzycę. Kobiety powinny być świadome, że zdrowy styl życia zmniejsza dolegliwości i skutki biologicznych przejściowych przemian zachodzących w organizmie w tym okresie. Cel badań: Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena zdrowego stylu życia kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym i sposobów radzenia sobie ze stresem. Materiał i metody: W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, wykorzystując wystandaryzowane narzędzie Kwestionariusza Zdrowego Stylu Życia z wprowadzeniem własnych zmian oraz kwestionariusza radzenia sobie ze stresem CISS. Pierwszy z nich składał się z 30 pytań dotyczących zagadnień stylu życia, np. aktywności fizycznej, nawyków żywieniowych, nawyków prozdrowotnych. Drugie narzędzie badawcze zawierało 48 stwierdzeń opisujących reakcje na trudne, stresujące sytuacje życiowe. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 76 kobiet w wieku 45–60 lat na terenia miasta Krakowa oraz gminy Krzeszowice. Wybór ankietowanych kobiet odbywał się w sposób incydentalny, a udział w badaniach anonimowy i dobrowolny. W analizie statystycznej dotyczącej zdrowego stylu życia wykorzystano metodę testu χ2 Pearsona. Zagadnienia kwestionariusza CISS poddano analizie jednoczynnikowej (ANOVA). Wyniki: Zdecydowana większość badanych nie prowadzi zdrowego stylu życia. Aktywność fizyczna badanych w 86% jest niewystarczająca, 91% badanych nie odżywia się prawidłowo, a 58% nie stosuje się do zaleceń lekarskich. Prawie wszystkie ankietowane (95%) twierdzą, iż nie radzą sobie w sytuacjach stresowych.
EN
Coping with stress and the sense of control over the work done are vital issues in the specific profession of a lecturer of a military university. The quality of educational activity might be significantly lowered when dealing with various problems and coping with the accompanying stress as a result of adopting incorrect solutions, which additionally causes the loss or significant decrease in the sense of control over the situation. Thus, it is worth taking a closer look at the problem through an in-depth analysis of its particular dimensions, especially in terms of observed dependencies against the background of the socio-occupational conditions. The empirical research carried out among lecturers of a military university will allow to diagnose the situation and to formulate relevant conclusions. The results of analyses have been presented on the basis of research results obtained at the War Studies University in Warsaw with the use of standardised measurement tools as well as the elements of descriptive and correlation statistics.
PL
Radzenie sobie ze stresem oraz poczucie kontroli nad wykonywaną pracą stanowią niezwykle istotne kwestie w specyficznym zawodzie nauczyciela akademickiego uczelni wojskowej. Jakość działalności edukacyjnej podczas rozwiązywania różnego rodzaju problemów i pojawiającego się wówczas stresu może zostać znacznie obniżona z uwagi na przyjmowanie niewłaściwych rozwiązań skutkując ponadto utratą lub wyraźnym zmniejszeniem poczucia kontroli nad sytuacją. Warto zatem przyjrzeć się bliżej niniejszej problematyce poprzez dogłębną analizę jej poszczególnych wymiarów, zwłaszcza pod względem występujących tam zależności na tle uwarunkowań społeczno-zawodowych. Przeprowadzone w tym celu badania empiryczne wśród wykładowców uczelni wojskowej pozwolą zdiagnozować sytuację w tym zakresie oraz sformułować stosowne wnioski. Rezultaty podjętych analiz przedstawione zostały na podstawie wyników badań zrealizowanych w Akademii Sztuki Wojennej w Warszawie z zastosowaniem wystandaryzowanych narzędzi pomiarowych oraz elementów statystyki opisowej i korelacyjnej.
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