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EN
The article discusses the issue of the reaction of the system of administering justice towards juveniles who violated the law and social norms. Based on the objectives of the Act on proceedings in cases involving juveniles, contained in its preamble, the author makes a brief analysis of the applied measures of care and rearing in relation to minors, with a particular emphasis laid on those rarely pronounced. As it is clear from the analysis, they are measures that meet educational and rehabilitative functions. She also draws attention to the binding principle of individualism which should be a factor in mobilizing judges of family courts to adjudicate means that are adequate to the offense and the individual minor. In addition, the paper draws attention to the lack of precision of the notion of “demoralization” that can cause anxiety among judges in evaluating its degree.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań dotyczących wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na działalność przedsiębiorstw transportu drogowego towarów z jednoczesnym nakreśleniem głównych działań naprawczych, które zostały podjęte przez przewoźników w celu eliminacji skutków kryzysu. Podstawę źródłową stanowią wyniki badań bezpośrednich, które przeprowadzono na celowo dobranej próbie 100 przedsiębiorstw reprezentujących ten sektor. Z przeprowadzonych badań wyłania się destrukcyjny wpływ pandemii na działalność realizowaną w obszarze transportu drogowego. Skutki epidemii widoczne są zarówno w spadku zapotrzebowania na usługi przewozowe, jak i w gorszej kondycji finansowej badanych przedsiębiorstw. W odpowiedzi na ten kryzys przewoźnicy drogowi podjęli liczne działania zmierzające do redukcji kosztów.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the results of research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of road freight transport companies. Moreover, it outlines the main corrective actions that have been taken by road carriers to eliminate the effects of the crisis. The source basis are the results of studies, which were conducted on a purposively selected sample of 100 enterprises representing the sector. What emerges from the research carried out is a destructive impact of the pandemic on the activities carried out in the field of road transport. Consequences of the epidemic can be seen both in the reduction for transport services' demand and in poorer financial condition of the companies surveyed. In response to the crisis, transport companies have taken numerous cost-cutting measures.
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