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Algorithm of Calculating the Annual Economic Effect from Implementing Different Types of Innovation in a Business Organization

100%
Parmacli D.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
|
2012
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vol. 7
|
issue 2
239-248
EN
The goal of this article is the development of a commonly acceptable algorithm of calculating the economic effect from introducing innovations in a business organization. The article uses the method of absolute economic efficiency. It results in a number of suggested formulas for calculating the annual economic effect obtained by a reduction of manufacturing costs, increases in sales, savings of labour, material and financial resources both in manufacturing and non-manufacturing business areas, utilization of production waste as well as a reduction of manufacturing defects.
2

Ecosystem Services – Examples of Their Valuation Methods in Czech Republic and Slovakia

75%
Sarvašová Z., Kovalčík M., Dobšinská Z., Šálka J., Jarský V.
Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
This literature review deals with the understanding of ecosystem services related to the question of their applicability and appropriate methods for their valuation. We distinguish between ecological valuation methods that aim to assess the significance of landscape characteristics, conventional economic, i.e. monetary valuation and non-monetizing valuation or assessment. Ecological evaluation methods derive values by following a cost of production approach which neglects consumer preferences. Economic valuation methods focus on the exchange value of ecosystem services, i.e. they are based on consumer preferences, but do not adequately take into account the complex internal structure of ecosystems. We conclude that – from the view of implementation of ecosystem services for policy support and consulting – successful valuation approaches should particularly consider the relationships between economic, ecological and social aspects of ecosystem services’ provision.
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