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Decomposition of Differences in Income Distributions Using Quantile Regression

100%
Landmesser J. M.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2016
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vol. 17
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issue 2
331-348
EN
The paper deals with microeconometric techniques useful for the study of differences between groups of objects, methods that go beyond simple comparison of average values. Techniques for the decomposition of differences in distributions by constructing counterfactual distributions were considered. Using the Machado-Mata quantile regression approach the empirical decomposition of the inequalities in income distributions of one-person households in urban and rural areas was performed. We employed data from the Household Budget Survey for Poland in 2012. It was found that the tendency towards increased income inequalities between urban and rural residents when moving to the right of the income distribution can be observed. The rural residents are at a disadvantage. The decomposition of the inequalities revealed a growing share of the part explained by different characteristics of people and a declining share of the unexplained part, associated with the evaluation of those characteristics.
2
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DECOMPOSITION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PERSONAL INCOMES DISTRIBUTIONS IN POLAND

80%
Landmesser J. M., Karpio K., Łukasiewicz P.
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
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2015
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vol. 16
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issue 2
43-52
EN
In this paper we study differences between personal incomes distributions in Poland in 2002 and 2012. The empirical data have been collected within the Household Budget Survey project. We used the Machado & Mata decomposition, which utilizes quantile regression. This method allowed us to investigate differences between income distributions in the whole range of values, going beyond simple average value decomposition. We evaluated influence of person’s attributes on the differences of incomes distributions in 2002 and 2012. By decomposing the differences into the explained and unexplained components we got information about their causes. The differences described by the explained part are caused by different characteristics of samples. The unexplained part shows differences caused by the changes of attribute importance.
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Inferring the Adequacy of Wage Expectations Among the Non-Working

41%
Strzelecki P., Tyrowicz J.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2015
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vol. 280
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issue 6
51-69
PL
Pojęcie płacy progowej różni się zarówno koncepcyjnie, jak i empirycznie od kategorii oczekiwań płacowych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie metody oceny adekwatności obu typów oczekiwań dotyczących płac osób, które nie pracują. Metoda ta jest użyta do zweryfikowania hipotezy o adekwatności płac progowych i oczekiwań płacowych bezrobotnych w Polsce. W artykule przeanalizowano, w jakim stopniu płace progowe oraz oczekiwania płacowe osób bezrobotnych są uzasadnione rynkową wyceną pracy osób o identycznych charakterystykach. W analizie wykorzystane zostały dane o oczekiwaniach płacowych (ankieta Narodowego Banku Polskiego) oraz płacach progowych (Badania Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności). Do oceny adekwatności oczekiwań płacowych użyto metod parametrycznych i nieparametrycznych umożliwiających porównanie rozkładów płac progowych, oczekiwań płacowych oraz skonstruowanych płac kontrfaktycznych. Wyniki analizy wskazują, że płace oczekiwane pozostają wyższe od płac progowych oraz są dodatnio skorelowane z presją płacową w gospodarce. Ponadto wyniki potwierdzają hipotezę, że oczekiwania płacowe osób bezrobotnych w Polsce w latach 2011–2014 nie były nadmierne. Wynik ten jest ważny, gdyż w przypadku, gdy oczekiwania płacowe osób bezrobotnych są wyższe niż ich wycena rynkowa, stanowi to źródło zjawiska bezrobocia i współwystępującej presji płacowej.
EN
Reservation wages and expected wages constitute different categories, both conceptually and empirically. The aim of this article is the construction of a method for inferring the adequacy of both kinds of wage expectations among persons who are not employed. This method is used to verify the hypothesis about the adequacy of reservation wages and expected wages among the unemployed in Poland. The key element of the analysis in this study is to what extent the reservation wages and wage expectations of the unemployed are in alignment with market conditions. We exploit a unique source of data on expected wages (National Bank of Poland survey) as well as data on reservation wages (Labour Force Survey) and develop a series of parametric and non-parametric counterfactual distributions for the registered unemployed. Our results indicate that expected wages are higher than reservation wages and continue to be positively correlated with wage pressure. We find that reservation wages in Poland from 2011 to 2014 were not excessive. This is important because if the wage expectations of the unemployed are in excess of market evaluation, unemployment and wage pressures prevail.
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