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Bohemistyka
|
2018
|
issue 4
327-350
EN
In Czech cultural tradition the heroic paradigm based on respecting the imperative of sacrifice lives for the homeland is often replaced by different identity patterns in which patriotism is not the matter of „great” and spectacular gestures but it is manifested itself through daily routine and the idea of the organic work. The heroes of this work are mostly writers, journalists, scientists or – sometimes – businessmen, but it is hard to find among them soldiers and insurgents fighting for ideals in heroic way. This situation, which some poets and prose writers (f. e. Viktor Dyk or Julius Zeyer) consider as a disadvantage, is comprehensively shown in famous novel of Josef Škvorecký Cowards.
PL
W czeskiej tradycji kulturowej paradygmat bohaterski, bazujący na respektowaniu absolutnego imperatywu poświęcenia życia za ojczyznę zastępowany bywa przez wzorce odmienne, w których postawa patriotyczna przejawia się nie w „wielkich” jednorazowych i spektakularnych gestach, ale w sumie codziennych, rutynowych nierzadko działań bliskich idei pracy organicznej. Bohaterami tej pracy stawali się w pierwszym rzędzie pisarze, dziennikarze, uczeni, niekiedy też przedsiębiorcy, trudno wśród nich za to poszukiwać żołnierzy czy bojowników walczących i umierających w imię ideałów z bronią w ręku. Na tę swoistą ułomność czy niedostatek czeskiego paradygmatu tożsamościowego uwagę zwracali pisarze, na przykład Viktor Dyk czy Julius Zeyer, kompleksową wypowiedź na ten temat stanowi też sławna powieść Josefa Škvoreckiego Zbabělci.
PL
A few remarks on two stories about the Lombards victory over Heruls (Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum, 1:20, and Procopius of Caesarea, De Bellis, 6:14)The article presents an analysis of two narratives of the war between the Heruls and the Lombards fought in 508. Leaving aside any attempts to see “how it really was” with the course of the conflict, the author focuses on a narrative side of the story written by Procopius of Caesarea and Paul the Deacon. The accounts of both authors are subjected to one main idea: that the victory depended neither on the size and strength of the army, nor the courage of the troops, but was the result of God’s decision to support one of the sides. In the version presented by Procopius, God in the form of a black cloud took side with the Lombards, who with a sense of profound humility wanted to avoid military conflict to the end, and were forced to go to war. The defeat of the Heruls was their punishment for initiating the war without any just reason. In the version presented by Paul the Deacon the defeat of the Heruls was the punishment for the arrogance of their king and the contempt this soldiers felt for the Lombardian troops.
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