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Zapiski Historyczne
|
2020
|
vol. 85
|
issue 1
187-202
EN
The early modern goldsmithery in Chojnice (Konitz) has so far been outside the main area of scholarly research. The search in archives and libraries conducted for the purposes of the article, as well as the analysis of preserved works crafted by local masters, has therefore brought a lot of new, previously unknown information on the subject. Chojnice is a typical, small centre of goldsmithery, which remained overshadowed by Gdansk, a powerful hub of crafts located nearby. For nearly whole of the eighteenth century only a single workshop operated in the town, and a new master usually appeared only after the death of his predecessor. The research yielded information about five goldsmiths operating in Chojnice in that century, as well as one apprentice who died before becoming a master. Nearly all of them were connected by various family ties. Only a few works of art created in the Chojnice workshops were identified, but they bear the signatures of only two masters who were active in the last third of the eighteenth century. Johann Friedrich Felsch I (1744–1808) made several items for the churches nearby: an incense boat in Chojnice, a monstrance in Bysław, a monstrance base in Wiele and a reliquary cross in Tuchola, as well as a set of six spoons, currently stored in the collection of the Malbork Castle Museum. It is worth noting that his works, apart from the master’s mark, bore a sign that proved he was a member of the guild of goldsmiths in Malbork. Johann Gottlieb Jantzen (1742–1772), Felsch’s brother-in-law, delivered a monstrance to the church in Jeleńcz (now in Tuchola), and a frame for the worshipped statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary to the Bernardine Church in Zamarte (now missing). All these items represent an average level of artistry, and show considerable dependence on the style developed by the masters from Gdansk, where both goldsmiths active in Chojnice studied their craft.
EN
Craft guilds participated actively in the socio-economic life of towns from the 13th century up to the 19th century. A valuable and interesting source to study their history are material relics that remained of their activities. The article describes the guild artefacts which are to be found in the collection of the National Museum in Szczecin. They have been divided into several groups according to their application: fi ttings of the guild chamber or inn, objects used in the formal activities of the guilds, and identifi cation and legal signs. The article is a starting point and a hint for the researchers who will decide to use other than written sources in their investigations. A closer analysis of particular objects may be useful not only in the description of the functioning and importance of the organisations analysed, but in establishing their chronology.
EN
In 1934, Alfred Brosig published the contents of a contract for the making of figures for the façade of the church of the Seraphic St Francis in Poznań, concluded in 1729 in Wschowa between the Bernardines and one “Franciszek Domusbergier, woodcarver and stonemason”. This document, now lost, was until recently the only evidence of this artist’s activity. Source queries in Polish and Czech archives have established that Franz (Franciscus Hieronymus) Thomasberger was born in Brno in 1696 and that his father was the sculptor Matthias Thomasberger. In 1721, he settled in Nysa, where he married, soon after obtaining citizenship and the title of a master craftsman. While in Nysa he worked, among others, on the decoration of the fountain (now lost) in the garden of the residence of the bishops of Wrocław. In the late 1720s, he moved to Wschowa, a town located in the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, becoming its citizen in 1729. Two years later he was granted membership in the guild of masons and stonemasons; he died in 1744. Several statues in Wschowa, mainly in the Bernardine church, and a sculpture of St John of Nepomuk in Kościan, originally probably in the local Bernardine monastery, have been attributed to him on the basis of stylistic similarities.
PL
W 1934 r. Alfred Brosig opublikował treść kontraktu na wykonanie figur na fasadę kościoła św. Franciszka Serafickiego w Poznaniu zawartego w 1729 r. we Wschowie między bernardynami a „Franciszkiem Domusbergier, snycerzem i kamieniarzem”. Ten zaginiony obecnie dokument był dotąd jedynym świadectwem działalności tego twórcy. Kwerendy źródłowe w polskich i czeskich archiwach pozwoliły ustalić, że Franz (Franciscus Hieronimus) Thomasberger urodził się w Brnie w 1696 r., a jego ojcem był rzeźbiarz Matthias Thomasberger. W 1721 r. osiadł w Nysie, gdzie ożenił się, uzyskał obywatelstwo i tytuł mistrzowski. Pracował tam m.in. nad dekoracją niezachowanej fontanny w ogrodzie rezydencji biskupów wrocławskich. Pod koniec lat 20. Thomasberger przeniósł się do leżącej w Rzeczypospolitej Wschowy: w 1729 r. został obywatelem miasta, a dwa lata później członkiem cechu murarzy i kamieniarzy, zmarł w 1744 r. Na podstawie analizy stylistyczno-porównawczej można mu przypisać kilka figur na terenie Wschowy, głównie w kościele Bernardynów, oraz rzeźbę św. Jana Nepomucena w Kościanie, zapewne pochodzącą z tamtejszej świątyni bernardyńskiej.
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