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Critical swim speed and metabolic activities in trained male and female swimmers after 400 m free style swimming with their full effort

100%
Chatterjee P., Nandy P., Chakraborty S., Bandyopadhyay A.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2016
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vol. 6(2)
46-50
EN
Purpose: This study was done to ascertain gender dif ferences in trained swimmers between their Critical S wim Speed (CSS). Certain metabolic responses, imme diately after 400 meters free style swimming (FSS), w ith maximum effort, were also studied. Methods: The analysis was conducted in trained swi mmers between 12- 18 years age. Height, weight, bod y fat quantity were estimated using standard techniqu es. CSS was measured for each swimmer. Blood samp les were taken within two minutes of 400 meters FSS, with maximum efforts. The blood creatinine, lactic ac id, serum calcium, serum urea and serum urea nitroge n were estimated using standard laboratory methods. Results: With the maximal effort of 400 meters FSS, values of hematological variables for both sexes were found to increase many folds than reference values. Si gnificant (p<0.05) gender differences were observed in CSS and blood creatinine. The positive significant (p<0.05) correlation was found between CSS and heig ht in the swimmers. For trained male swimmers signif icant positive correlations among CSS, blood urea an d serum urea nitrogen were found. Conclusions: This study reflects metabolic status of b oth trained male and female swimmers, after their full efforts. Besides blood creatinine no significant differe nces were observed in them. So it may conclude that e ffective physical training minimizes the metabolic de mands during their full efforts and gender differences could be overcome.
2
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Post-exercise proteinuria in the cadets trained on Special Aerial Gymnastics Instruments

75%
Wochyński Z., Sobiech K.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2015
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vol. 28
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issue 5
863-873
EN
Objectives Assessment of the effect of training on Special Aerial Gymnastics Instruments (SAGI) on the urine β-2- microglobulin (β-2M), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase EC.3.2.1.30 (NAG), expressed as creatinine (Cr) and on the physical fitness of the examined cadets in comparison with the control group. Material and Methods The study involved 55 cadets aged 20, divided into group A (N = 41) trained on SAGI, and group B (N = 14) – a control group. The urine was collected twice: before the training (BT) and after the training (AT) at the start (training I), during (training II), and after completion of the training program (training III). Urine proteins were assayed with commercially available kits. Results In group A, results obtained in trainings I, II and III showed a statistically significant increase in β-2M/Cr, NAG/Cr, TP/Cr, ALB/Cr indices in AT compared with the baseline BT values. Similarly in group B, a statistically significant increase in β-2M/Cr, NAG/Cr (trainings I, II), TP/Cr, AT compared with the baseline BT values in trainings I, II, and III was noted. Comparison of both groups showed a higher value of the post-exercise proteinuria in group B than in group A. In group A, a significant correlation between TP/Cr vs. ALB/Cr, NAG/Cr vs. TP/Cr, β-2M/Cr vs. TP/Cr, i.e., r = 0.62 at p < 0.001; r = 0.33 at p = 0.03; r = 0.60 at p < 0.001, and r = 0.52 at p < 0.001, respectively, was observed in group A, training III, AT. Conclusions Assayed urine proteins depend on the intensity of physical exercise, the type of exercise, and the level of physical fitness.
3
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Lead-elevated activity of xanthine oxidase in lead-exposed workers

63%
Kasperczyk S., Dobrakowski M., Ostałowska A., Kasperczyk A., Wilczyński S., Wyparło-Wszelaki M., Kiełtucki J., Birkner E.
Medycyna Pracy
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2013
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vol. 64
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issue 2
175-180
PL
Wstęp: Celem pracy była analiza wpływu narażenia na ołów na aktywność oksydazy ksantynowej (xanthine oxidase - XO). Dodatkowo wyznaczono stężenia kwasu moczowego (uric acid - UA) i kreatyniny. Natężenie stresu oksydacyjnego oszacowano na podstawie stężenia dialdehydu malonowego (malondialdehyde - MDA). Materiał i metody: Grupę badaną stanowiło 125 zdrowych pracowników huty cynku i ołowiu. Stopień narażenia na ołów oceniano na podstawie stężenia ołowiu i cynkoprotoporfiryny we krwi, a także kwasu delta-aminolewulinowego w moczu. Na podstawie stężenia ołowiu we krwi grupa badana została podzielona na tercyle. W próbkach krwi uzyskanych od uczestników badania dokonano analizy wyżej wymienionych parametrów biochemicznych. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 32 zdrowych pracowników administracji nienarażonych na ołów. Wyniki: Aktywność XO i stężenie MDA były znamiennie wyższe we wszystkich tercylach w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Stężenie kreatyniny osiągnęło także znamiennie wyższe wartości, lecz tylko w środkowym i górnym tercylu. Z kolei stężenie UA było znamiennie wyższe wyłącznie w górnym tercylu. Jednocześnie zaobserwowano tendencję do wyższych wartości jego stężenia w dwóch pozostałych tercylach. Wnioski: Zawodowe narażenie na ołów indukuje wzrost aktywności XO, który może przyczyniać się do nasilenia stresu oksydacyjnego, mierzonego jako stężenie MDA, i powodować wzrost stężenia UA. Med. Pr. 2013;64(2):175–180
EN
Background: The aim of the present study was to explore the connection between lead toxicity and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO). In addition, we indicated the uric acid (UA) and creatinine levels and concentration of erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) to estimate oxidative stress intensity. Materials and Methods: The examined group consisted of 125 healthy male employees of zinc and lead works. The examined group was divided into tertiles according to blood lead levels. In the collected blood samples, concentrations of lead-exposure indices, UA, creatinine, and MDA as well as activity of XO were measured concomitantly. The control group consisted of 32 healthy male administrative workers who were exposed to lead only environmentally. Results: XO activity and MDA level were significantly elevated in all tertiles compared to the control group. Creatinine level was significantly elevated in the medium and high tertiles. However, the level of UA was significantly elevated in the high tertile, while in the low and medium tertile only a tendency toward higher values was observed. Conclusions: Occupational exposure to lead induces activity of XO. This induction may contribute to the observed simultaneously increased oxidative stress, measured as MDA level, and the increased level of UA. Med Pr 2013;64(2):175–180
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Wpływ kwasu α-liponowego na procesy wolnorodnikowe w surowicy szczurów utrzymywanych na diecie wysokotłuszczowej

51%
Cichoń M., Błaszczyk U., Zalejska-Fiolka J.
Medycyna Pracy
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2017
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vol. 68
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issue 3
391-399
EN
Background Oils are often fried which reduces their beneficial biological and nutritional properties, contributing to disturbances in homeostasis. Some antioxidant substances can improve stability of oils. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on the concentration of sulfhydryl groups, lipid peroxides, malondialdehyde, creatinine and urea in serum of rats fed high fat diet for 3 months. Material and Methods Thirty six Wistar rats were equally divided into 6 groups: the control group on standard breeding diet (SB), oxidized oil (OU) group on SB with 10% oxidized oil, ALA10 group on SB with ALA 10 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), OU+ALA10 group on SB with oxidized oil and ALA (10 mg/kg b.w.), ALA50 group on SB with ALA in a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., OU+ALA50 group on SB with oxidized oil and ALA (50 mg/kg b.w.). Oil was oxidized in 180°C for 6 h. Results We observed decrease in concentration of protein sulfhydryl (PSH) groups in all study groups except for ALA10 vs. control group (C) and increase in OU+ALA10 and OU+ALA50 vs. OU; increase in the lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) concentration in OU, OU+ALA10 and OU+ALA50 vs. C and decrease in all study groups vs. OU; increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) in OU vs. all other groups. And also increase in creatinine and urea concentration in OU group. Conclusions High fat diet rich in oxidized oil intensifies the lipid peroxidation process and oxidation of sulfhydryl groups. It can also impair kidney function. Administration of lipoic acid in a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. inhibits the lipid peroxidation and protects sulfhydryl groups. Med Pr 2017;68(3):391–399
PL
Wstęp Proces smażenia olejów roślinnych prowadzi do obniżenia ich właściwości biologicznych i żywieniowych oraz w konsekwencji do zaburzeń homeostazy organizmu. Czynnikami wspomagającym stabilność olejów są substancje o charakterze antyoksydacyjnym. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu kwasu α-liponowego na stężenie grup sulfhydrylowych, nadtlenków lipidowych, dialdehydu malonowego oraz kreatyniny i mocznika w surowicy szczurów utrzymywanych 3 miesiące na diecie wysokotłuszczowej wzbogaconej w olej rzepakowy poddany obróbce wysokotemperaturowej. Materiał i metody Materiał stanowiło 36 szczurów podzielonych równo na 6 grup: kontrolną utrzymywaną na hodowlanej paszy standardowej (hodowlana dieta standardowa – HDS), grupę OU (HDS z 10% dodatku oleju utlenionego (OU)), grupę ALA10 (HDS z dodatkiem kwasu α-liponowego (ALA) w dawce 10 mg/kg masy ciała (mc.)), grupę OU+ALA10 (HDS z dodatkiem utlenionego oleju oraz ALA jw.), grupę ALA50 (HDS z dodatkiem ALA w dawce 50 mg/kg mc.) i grupę OU+ALA50 (HDS z dodatkiem utlenionego oleju oraz ALA jw.). Olej był utleniany w 180°C przez 6 godz. Wyniki Zaobserwowano obniżenie stężenia grup sulfhydrylowych (protein sulfhydryl groups – PSH) dla wszystkich grup badanych vs grupa kontrolna (K) z wyłączeniem grupy ALA10 oraz istotnie wyższe stężenie PSH w grupach OU+ALA10 i OU+ALA50 vs OU; wzrost stężenia nadtlenków lipidowych (lipid hydroperoxide – LHP) dla grup OU, OU+ALA10 i OU+ALA50 vs K z jednoczesnym obniżeniem stężenia LHP dla wszystkich grup badanych vs OU; wzrost stężenia dialdehydu malonowego (malondialdehyde – MDA) w grupie OU względem wszystkich pozostałych grup. Zaobserwowano także podwyższenie stężenia kreatyniny i mocznika w grupie OU. Wnioski Wykazano, że zastosowana dieta nasila proces peroksydacji lipidów oraz powoduje nasilenie utleniania grup sulfhydrylowych. Może także zaburzać czynność nerek. Podawanie z dietą kwasu liponowego w dawce 10 mg/kg mc. skutecznie hamuje proces peroksydacji lipidów oraz ochrania wolne grupy sulfhydrylowe. Med. Pr. 2017;68(3):391–399
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