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EN
This paper reports from a qualitative study on informal conditions for the implementation credit transfer system in vocation education and training (VET) in Poland based on European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET). The study was conducted just before the new law of VET (October 1st 2011) came into force. It introduced: (1)new vocational core curriculum which includes 200 school occupations, in which 252 qualifications are distinguished, (2) learning outcomes approach, (3) the examination requirements based on learning outcomes specified for the qualifications, and other tools supporting credit transfer and accumulation. The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the VET stakeholders knowledge, understanding and opinion on these new solutions and general on credit transfer and accumulation concept which aims at supporting development of lifelong learning. On the very general level respondents support all solutions that could improve learners employability and education opportunities. However part of them do not perform in-depth knowledge and reflections on such concepts as learning outcomes approach. They indicate also a number of drawbacks of the VET reform in Poland that is implemented in a hurry without sufficient support for schools, teachers and learners.
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Rynek kredytowy w Polsce

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EN
One of the sources to finance enterprises is credit. The criteria and conditions for banks to give credits affect both the activity of business subjects and their further development. The paper contains an analysis of the situation in the credit market. It is based on the results from a survey conducted by the Department of the Finance System of the National Bank of Poland. The survey encompassed the period between March and April 2005 and was conducted among 24 banks. A consolidation of the bank sector, the increase of the importance of foreign banks, and the establishment of parabank institutions increase competition on the market of financial services. Banks search after methods to elicit information that would help them make decisions. The situation on the credit market affects the functioning of the whole financial system. The majority of banks does not predict changes in credit policy. A change may temper the conditions and criteria on which to give credits. They essentially affect the management of corporate finances. It is also important how banks elicit information about the modes of financing.
PL
Jednym z najbardziej oryginalnych, a przy tym w znacznej części zapomnianych reformatorów systemu monetarnego lat 20. i 30. XX wieku był angielski chemik Frederick Soddy (1877-1956). Zgłaszane przez niego propozycje reform systemu gospodarczego, choć nie miały podbudowy w obowiązującej teorii ekonomicznej, w większości doczekały się realizacji. Artykuł podejmuje próbę analizy propozycji Soddy’ego w ujęciu synchronicznym i diachronicznym.
EN
One of the most original, and at the same time largely forgotten, reformers of the monetary system of the 1920s and 1930s was an English chemist and Nobel Prize Winner Frederick Soddy (1877-1956). His proposed reforms of the economic system, although they did not have the foundation in the current economic theory, were largely implemented. The article attempts to analyze Soddy’s proposals in a synchronic and diachronic approach.
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