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Możliwość zastosowania inżynierii odwrotnej do zwalczania organizacji przestępczych typu sieciowego

100%
Kędzierski M. A.
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
|
2021
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vol. 13
|
issue 24
173-217
EN
Reverse engineering for the most part now refers to the restoration or modification of physical objects and computer programmes. A new challenge in the fight against crime is the use of reverse engineering to improve the measures of preventing and combating criminal and terrorist crime. Reversing processes through object-oriented analysis, as well as through management, logistics, financial, forensic and psychocybernetic analyses is a new outlook on improving the instruments to fight organized crime. As a result, by remedying the identified deficiencies and re-assessing the object, one will be able to get the same object but in the “enhanced” version or another object related to the analysed entity. Consequently, it will be possible to neutralize a criminal or terrorist organization more effectively and efficiently.
PL
I n ż y n i e r i a o d w r o t n a , określana także jako inżynieria wsteczna (ang. reverse engineering, RE), pozwala zrozumieć, jak „coś” (np. jakiś przedmiot) zostało wykonane - mimo dysponowania ograniczoną wiedzą na ten temat1. Próbuje zatem odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jak przebiegał proces tworzenia jakiegoś przedmiotu. Inżynieria odwrotna inaczej podchodzi do inżynierii niż inżynieria tradycyjna (postępowa). Ten drugi rodzaj inżynierii jest procesem przebiegającym od pomysłu, który jest generowany potrzebą stworzenia fizycznego produktu, do jego realizacji. Inżynieria odwrotna zaś - jak sama nazwa wskazuje - jest procesem przebiegającym od fizycznego produktu, którego wszystkie składowe są szczegółowo analizowane, a  następnie rozwijane, do nowego fizycznego produktu w  takiej samej bądź ulepszonej postaci2. Inżynieria odwrotna jest także dziedziną nauki zajmującą się wszelkimi metodami, które umożliwiają wprowadzenie realnego produktu do rzeczywistości wirtualnej. Nazwa „inżynieria odwrotna” pochodzi od kolejności wykonywania działań - najpierw jest obiekt rzeczywisty, a  dopiero przy użyciu skanerów i  zastosowaniu metod inżynierskich otrzymuje się obiekt wirtualny3. Inżynieria odwrotna znajduje zastosowanie głównie w  „sztuce inżynierskiej”, stąd też niekiedy jest nazywana „inżynierią rekonstrukcyjną”. Zgodnie z  definicją zaprezentowaną przez Elliota
2
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CRIMINAL ANALYSIS – AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR COMBATTING ORGANISED ECONOMIC CRIME

100%
WOJTALEWICZ M., SPEICHERT-ZALEWSKA B.
Przegląd Policyjny
|
2019
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vol. 136(4)
290-305
EN
Criminal analysis in law enforcement agencies’ work has been around for many years. Initially, it was used by police offi cers in a nonformalised way, its main purpose being to try to understand and systematise crimes. Attempts to draw conclusions from the collected data contributed to greater effectiveness of the detection process. Nowadays, the need for effi ciency in processing the increasing amount of data, and the far-reaching professionalisation of criminal groups have resulted in the fact that criminal analysis is no longer a cure-all for a lack of thinking, but an indispensable tool in the effective fi ght against crime. Considering the above, the article presents the need for the effective use of criminal analysis in combatting mainly organised crime of an economic nature.
3
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Institutions fighting organised economic crime in Poland

67%
MĄDRZEJOWSKI W.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2018
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vol. 29(29)
80-106
EN
Economic crime is currently the most rapidly developing form of organised crime in Poland. Numerous institutions, law enforcement and intelligence agencies are involved in combating this kind of crime. They are supervised by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of National Defence or, like Internal Security Agency and Central Anti-Coruption Bureau, directly to prime minister. Most of them have full operational, investigative and analytical powers. Conflicting areas of responsibility may cause taking actions by various agencies and institutions against the same perpetrators in the same time. Formally the institution responsible for fighting organised crime is Police. Within Police there is specialised unit – Central Bureau of Investigation of Police which sole responsibility is combating organised economic crime. Nevertheless it cannot coordinate other institutions’ activities aimed at fighting organised crime. National Criminal Information Centre, also placed within the Police structure, should gather all information on every criminal offence recorded by any institution involved in fighting crime. In reality it collect mainly information on Police work effects. NCIC has no powers concerning coordination of crime-related information gathering. It also conduct no relevant analysis of gathered criminal information. On the basis of EU regulation Polish Asset Recovery Office was created within the Police structure. Polish ARO acts as national contact point for international exchange of information on crime-related assets. Within this scope, ARO possess some powers to coordinate activities of other agencies. A need exists to consider carefully the possibilities for changes in the system of institutions combating organised economic crime in Poland. First of all there is a necessity to develop ability to coordinate activities of all relevant institutions, based on integrated data gathering and analytical systems.
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