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Relapsing Into Crime Versus a Notion of Criminal Career in Polish Criminological Studies

100%
Buczkowski K., Wiktorska P.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii
|
2018
|
vol. 25
191-196
EN
The Criminology Department of the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences,has launched the study over criminal careers backgrounds and advances - of those who committed punishable acts of juvenile offenders. It should be stressed that definitions of relapsing into crime, or of criminal career, are much wider than those of recidivism in the meaning of the Polish criminal law. In this endeavor, we took the “criminal career” definition as our starting point. Polish criminal law strictly defines “recidivism”, while legal scholars moreover define the “penitentiary recidivism” (the one consisting in serving more than one custodial sentence/s). The definitions of “criminal career”, as formulated by criminologists, are however much wider, and also rather diverse. Criminological theories that arise from the three basic paradigms – classical, positivistic, and anti-naturistic ones – are to different degrees connected with the problems of relapsing into crime and repeated crime. In this paper we present some selected concepts to define the term “criminal career”, as well as the definition adopted by our research team to be used in further studies
2
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Relapsing Into Crime Versus a Notion of Criminal Career in Polish Criminological Studies

87%
Buczkowski K., Wiktorska P.
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
|
2018
|
issue 25
191-196
PL
The Criminology Department of the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, has launched the study over criminal careers backgrounds and advances - of those who committed punishable acts of juvenile offenders. It should be stressed that definitions of relapsing into crime, or of criminal career, are much wider than those of recidivism in the meaning of the Polish criminal law. In this endeavor, we took the “criminal career” definition as our starting point. Polish criminal law strictly defines “recidivism”, while legal scholars moreover define the “penitentiary recidivism” (the one consisting in serving more than one custodial sentence/s). The definitions of “criminal career”, as formulated by criminologists, are however much wider, and also rather diverse. Criminological theories that arise from the three basic paradigms – classical, positivistic, and anti-naturistic ones – are to different degrees connected with the problems of relapsing into crime and repeated crime. In this paper we present some selected concepts to define the term “criminal career”, as well as the definition adopted by our research team to be used in further studies.   Zespół badawczy Zakładu Kryminologii INP PAN od 2017 r. prowadzi badania dotyczące mechanizmów powstawania i rozwoju karier przestępczych osób popełniających uprzednio czyny karalne w okresie nieletniości. Warto podkreślić, że przyjmowane w kryminologii defnicje powrotności do przestępstwa, kariery kryminalnej czy kariery przestępczej, są znacznie szersze od defnicji recydywy w znaczeniu jurydycznym, którą operuje polskie prawo karne. Punktem wyjścia do naszych badań jest odpowiedź na pytanie o to, jak defniujemy pojęcie „kariera kryminalna”. Na gruncie polskiego prawa karnego formalnie zdefniowano pojęcie recydywy a w nauce prawa karnego zdefniowano także pojęcie recydywy penitencjarnej. Kryminologiczne defnicje pojęcia „kariery kryminalnej” są jednak znacznie szersze i dość zróżnicowane. Teorie kryminologiczne, wpisane w trzy podstawowe paradygmaty: klasyczny, pozytywistyczny i antynaturalistyczny, w różnym stopniu odwoływały się do problematyki powrotności do przestępstwa i przestępczości wielokrotnej.Artykuł ma na celu syntetyczne zestawienie wybranych koncepcji dotyczących defniowania pojęcia kariery kryminalnej oraz zaprezentowanie defnicji sformułowanej przez nasz zespół badawczy na potrzeby dalszych badań w tym zakresie.
EN
The Criminology Department of the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, has launched the study over criminal careers backgrounds and advances - of those who committed punishable acts of juvenile offenders. It should be stressed that definitions of relapsing into crime, or of criminal career, are much wider than those of recidivism in the meaning of the Polish criminal law. In this endeavor, we took the “criminal career” definition as our starting point. Polish criminal law strictly defines “recidivism”, while legal scholars moreover define the “penitentiary recidivism” (the one consisting in serving more than one custodial sentence/s). The definitions of “criminal career”, as formulated by criminologists, are however much wider, and also rather diverse. Criminological theories that arise from the three basic paradigms – classical, positivistic, and anti-naturistic ones – are to different degrees connected with the problems of relapsing into crime and repeated crime. In this paper we present some selected concepts to define the term “criminal career”, as well as the definition adopted by our research team to be used in further studies.
3
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Znacznie doświadczenia pobytu w więzieniu dla dynamiki karier przestępczych recydywistów. Perspektywa interakcyjna

53%
Szczepanik R.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2019
|
issue XLI/1
65-123
EN
The starting point for the content of this article is the assumption that penalty and imprisonment constitute an important element of a criminal career. Time in prison has been considered firstly to promote the development of a career, and secondly as a chance for the inmate to give up crime by taking conscious action. The aim of the article is to find answers to the following questions: How does recidivist imprisonment influence a criminal’s career at its various stages? What functions does imprisonment serve for beginner criminals and for those who are experienced inmates? The empirical material consisted of records of autobiographical narrative interviews. Additional data came from an analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with inmates and personnel. The adoption of a perspective of cognition that goes beyond the biographies of individuals and enables the discovery of general formulas and mechanisms which shape the understanding of recidivists’ behaviour in prison conditions was possible thanks to Grounded Theory methodology.
PL
Punktem wyjścia dla rozważań zaprezentowanych w artykule jest stwierdzenie, że kara pozbawienia wolności i pobyt w więzieniu stanowi ważny element kariery przestępczej. Pobyt w więzieniu potraktowany zostało dwojako: po pierwsze – jako czas służący rozwojowi kariery, a po drugie – jako warunek sprzyjający jej zahamowaniu poprzez podejmowanie działań przez skazanego na rzecz zerwania z przestępczym stylem życia. Rozważania podjęte w artykule zmierzają do uzyskania odpowiedzi na pytania: jakie znaczenie dla dynamiki kariery przestępczej (na różnych jej etapach) ma doświadczenie pobytu w więzieniu dla recydywistów? Jakie funkcje pełni pobyt w więzieniu dla „początkujących” karierowiczów, a jakie dla tych, którzy mają doświadczenie wielu pobytów i lat spędzonych w zakładach karnych? Podstawowy materiał empiryczny stanowiły zapisy wywiadów autobiograficznych. Dodatkowe dane pochodziły z analizy dokumentów i wywiadów swobodnych ze skazanymi oraz personelem. Sięgnięcie po metodologię teorii ugruntowanej umożliwiło poznanie wykraczające poza indywidualne biografie jednostek.
4
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20 years on the path – the criminal careers of Polish juvenile girls

44%
Woźniakowska-Fajst D.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2020
|
issue XLII/1
117-138
PL
The ongoing research conducted at the Department of Criminology at the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences into juvenile delinquency resulted in establishing a database of persons who appeared before family and juvenile court for a punishable offence before 2000. The database enabled the continuation of research into the fate of juvenile girls, including and offered a unique insight into the lives of those individuals who continued to break the law in their adulthood. Court files studies were the basis of the analysis of juvenile girls’ offending at the time. Since then, the convictions of the juveniles in question has been verified three times: in 2011 (, in 2016 (for the period 2011-2015) and in 2018 (for the years 2016 and 2017). 836 juvenile girls remained that qualified for the research covering the period 2017-2019. From among this group 167 females were convicted of a criminal offence as adults, which is every fifth juvenile female in the study. For the sake of the research the research team decided to do in-depth research on the group of women that committed at least three offences in their adulthood, for which they had at least two convictions. Such established framework yielded 64 records (7.7% of the total juveniles in the research).   Rezultatem badań nad przestępczością nieletnich, prowadzonych w Zakładzie Kryminologii Instytutu Nauk Prawnych PAN jest baza danych osób, które odpowiadały przed sądem dla nieletnich w roku 2000. Istnienie owej bazy daje unikalną możliwość kontynuacji badań dalszych losów nieletnich dziewcząt, wglądu w życie tych, które popełniały przestępstwa jako osoby dorosłe. Analiza przestępczości nieletnich dziewcząt została oparta na materiale zebranych w aktach sądowych i dotyczyła spraw, które trafiły do sądu dla nieletnich w roku 2000. Od tej pory ewentualne skazania kobiet z tej grupy zostały sprawdzone trzykrotnie: w latach 2011, 2016 (dla okresu 2011–2015) oraz w roku 2018 (dla okresu 2016–2017). Na 836 dziewcząt z pierwotnej bazy, 167 (czyli co piąta) było skazanych w dorosłości za popełnienie przestępstwa. Na potrzeby badań zespół badawczy zdecydował o pogłębionej analizie akt karnych kobiet, które jako dorosłe popełniły co najmniej trzy czyny, z które zostały skazane co najmniej dwukrotnie. Dotyczyło to 64 kobiet (7,7% wszystkich z pierwotnie badanej grupy).
EN
The ongoing research conducted at the Department of Criminology at the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences into juvenile delinquency resulted in establishing a database of persons who appeared before family and juvenile court for a punishable offence before 2000. The database enabled the continuation of research into the fate of juvenile girls, including and offered a unique insight into the lives of those individuals who continued to break the law in their adulthood. Court files studies were the basis of the analysis of juvenile girls’ offending at the time. Since then, the convictions of the juveniles in question has been verified three times: in 2011 (, in 2016 (for the period 2011-2015) and in 2018 (for the years 2016 and 2017). 836 juvenile girls remained that qualified for the research covering the period 2017-2019. From among this group 167 females were convicted of a criminal offence as adults, which is every fifth juvenile female in the study. For the sake of the research the research team decided to do in-depth research on the group of women that committed at least three offences in their adulthood, for which they had at least two convictions. Such established framework yielded 64 records (7.7% of the total juveniles in the research).
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