Search results

1

Uzasadnione odstępstwa od zasady skargowości w kodeksie postępowania karnego?

100%

Kowalczyk A. K.

Forum Prawnicze

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2019

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issue 4 (54)

79–92

EN

Principle of accusatorial procedure states that criminal proceedings should be conducted only upon the request of a party and thus, the court cannot take the initiative. By the Act of 11 March 2016 the courts’ right to demand supplementing preparatory proceeding during preliminary verification of indictment has been brought back to the criminal procedure. The possibility of adjourning or defer- ring the trial in order to demand additional evidence has also been restored. The aim of the paper is to consider how these court powers affect the principle of accusatorial procedure and to answer the question whether departure from this principle is justified, for example, by the need to comply with other principles of criminal proceedings.

2

Životní cyklus trestného činu z nenávisti: tři scénáře

100%

Kupka P., Kalibová K., Walach V., Divišová V.

Česká kriminologie (Czech Criminology)

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2018

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vol. 3

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issue 1

1-16

EN

This paper presents findings from a qualitative research targeted at the prosecution of hate crimes in the Czech Republic. Based on interviews with judges, prosecutors, attorneys, offenders and victims, three scenarios of the lifecycle of a hate crime are formulated – ideal, inauspicious and plausible. The scenarios consist of model situations that reflect criminal proceedings from police investigation to conviction and that allow to demonstrate six factors which influence the qualification and prosecution of an offence as a hate crime. The main objective of this paper is to identify key moments of criminal proceedings concerning hate crimes in the Czech context. This can help to detect the problematic aspects of criminal justice system that hinder the effective solving of hate crimes.

3

Assisting Victims: The British Model in Comparative Context

87%

Mawby R. I., Simmonds L. A.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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2008

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issue XXIX-XXX

555-565

4

Criminology and the criminal justice system in the Russian Federation after socio-political transformation

87%

Gilinskiy Y.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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2020

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issue XLII/1

9-21

EN

The article discusses the stages of development of Russian criminology. Particular attention is paid to the modern stage, which began with the collapse of the USSR and the formation of the Russian Federation. Some of the most important findings of various studies are described. The article talks about the negative trends of recent times (since the mid-2000s). In addition, a brief critical description of contemporary Russian criminal justice is given. W artykule omówione zostały etapy rozwoju kryminologii rosyjskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dziejów najnowszych, zapoczątkowanych upadkiem ZSRR i powstaniem Federacji Rosyjskiej. W tekście przywołano wyniki kluczowych badań oraz omówiono występujące w ostatnich latach negatywne trendy w przestępczości (począwszy od połowy pierwszej dekady XXI wieku). Ponadto przedstawiono krótką analizę współczesnego rosyjskiego wymiaru sprawiedliwości.

5

Rewizja poglądów na temat konfliktu jako własności. Przeszkody we wprowadzaniu procedur sprawiedliwości naprawczej i sposoby ich pokonywania z punktu widzenia polskiej praktyki prawnej

76%

Płatek M.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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2006

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issue XXVIII

267-279

EN

This paper concerns the road Poland is on to introduce restorative justice procedures within its criminal justice system. The author describes the difficulties Poland has already overcome and is still facing. In addition, the paper shows the possible dangers we are not willing to see yet. The restorative justice procedures are introduced in the name of victims. They are aimed at observing the victims' rights and interests within the criminal justice system. Restorative justice is also to bring back the conflicts to their owners. The new developments are aimed at achieving this goal. The author discusses the invisible aspects which, if not diagnosed, named and prevented in time, can steal again the conflict from those most involved in it. It was once stolen by lawyers, judges and prosecutors who officially acted for the victims' good and support. Today, an identical process is possible with mediator taking the lawyers place.

6

Kurator sądowy wobec nowych zadań i zmian w systemie resocjalizacji

63%

Muskała M., Kusztal J.

Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 1

19-39

PL

Artykuł ma charakter prekonceptualizacyjny, stanowi bowiem przyczynek do planowanego projektu badawczego ugruntowanego w pedagogice resocjalizacyjnej. Wobec ostatnich zmian w systemie zapobiegania przestępczości, tak na etapie stanowienia, jak i wykonywania prawa, autorzy widzą potrzebę poddania analizie aktualnych tendencji i zmian w kontekście funkcji, ról i kompetencji kuratora sądowego, który jest podstawowym „narzędziem” wymiaru sprawiedliwości w obszarze zapobiegania przestępczości. Tradycyjne modele pracy, określane jako case work w rożnych jego odmianach, wydają się nie do końca adekwatne do realizacji tych zadań, które zostały podczas ostatnich nowelizacji ustawowych przypisane kuratorowi sądowemu. Ten zaś, jako „pedagogiczne ramię wymiaru sprawiedliwości”, kształcony w tradycyjnym modelu przygotowania zawodowego, staje przed nowymi wyzwaniami nie tylko organizacyjnymi, ale i tymi związanymi z pracą w wymiarze wychowawczym. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi zarys koncepcji badawczej nakierowanej na diagnozę adekwatności kompetencji i modeli pracy kuratora realizowanych w ramach nowych zadań wynikających ze zmian normatywnych w wymiarze sprawiedliwości i w systemie resocjalizacji. Artykuł zawiera obszerne uzasadnienia podjętego problemu badawczego oraz ramy koncepcji metodologicznej.

EN

The article has a pre-conceptual character, as it contributes to the planned research project established in rehabilitation pedagogy. Due to recent changes in the crime prevention system, both at the stage of establishing and executing the law, the authors recognise the need to analyse these current trends and changes in the context of the functions, roles and competences of the probation officer, which is the basic “tool” of justice in the area of crime prevention. Traditional work models referred to as case work in its different varieties do not seem to be entirely adequate in terms of the implementation of the tasks that have been assigned to probation officers during the recent statutory amendments. This means that they, as a “pedagogical arm of the judiciary” educated in the traditional model of professional preparation, face new challenges, not only organisational, but also those related to working in an educational dimension. This article is therefore an outline of a research concept aimed at diagnosing the adequacy of competences and models of the probation officer’s work for new tasks resulting from normative changes in the justice and rehabilitation system. The article contains extensive justifications for the research problem undertaken and the framework of the methodological concept.

7

Wykonywanie wyroków kary śmierci w polskich więzieniach grudzień 1954 – kwiecień 1956

63%

Zwolski M.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2003

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issue 1(3)

263-274

8

Improving Drug Courts - A Preliminary Study

63%

Chriss J. J., Tedor M. F.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2023

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vol. 14

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issue 28

89-109

EN

Since the early 1980s, specialized problem-solving courts known as drug courts emerged in the United States as a response to the backlog of drug and alcohol-related cases plaguing the U.S. criminal justice system. In a few decades, with the seeming success of the drug court in helping AOD defendants achieve sobriety while reducing recidivism, the drug court model has achieved international prominence as well. This paper discusses a pilot study which seeks to analyze the feasibility of connecting a website, drughelp.care, developed at the host institution of the co-authors, to the everyday operations of local drug courts. Talcott Parsons’ AGIL schema is utilized as a conceptual template for organizing our thinking about how the website could improve services to administrators and clients according to the unique functional elements of the drug court.

9

Victim-offender Mediation in Poland – The Lay Perspective

55%

Matczak A.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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2018

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issue XL

495-522

EN

Restorative justice is a complex and multi-faceted concept, the introduction of whichdoes not happen in a socio-political and economic vacuum. Every society engageswith restorative justice in its own distinctive way as it is the society – lay people – thatis always on the receiving end of restorative solutions. In this article, I draw on mydoctoral research that explores qualitatively how a small number of Polish peopleunderstand punishment and justice, and how their narratives inform the viabilityof restorative approaches to justice in Poland. In other words, I propose to considera macro-sociological perspective, and how lay people’s understanding of punishmentand justice should be seen as an avenue by which to explore certain preconditions forthe viability of restorative justice.Poland’s socialist past, change of the political regime, post-communist “accession”to the international community in the West and a high level of religiosity (among manyother factors) make Poland a fascinating object of study that can, at the same time,offer insights about restorative justice in other societies. Restorative justice, introducedin the form of victim-offender mediation, was part of the post-1989 political ambitionsto change the Polish penal landscape and join the international community in the West.There were a number of forces behind the establishment of restorative justice in Poland.Given that the concept was introduced at a time when the Polish society was dealingwith the socialist legacy and creating a new democratic reality, it was also hoped thatmediation could serve as a fast-track remedy and act as an ancillary mechanism toreduce the sudden spike in court workloads after the fall of communism. In the caseof Poland, it seems that the exceptionally limited interest in mediation and the paucityof anticipated outcomes of victim-offender mediation is the problem. In order toexplore the viability of restorative justice in the Polish context, one must thereforelook beyond the legal basis and formal logistics which have been already in place formany years.My research opens up new debates on the viability of restorative justice, and thisarticle in particular fleshes out the nature of the participants’ perceptions of victimoffendermediation. In this article, I first briefly introduce the Polish model of victimoffendermediation. I then discuss the nature of the initial responses to mediationbased on the participants’ knowledge of, support for, and any experience of, victimoffendermediation. This is followed by the discussion on how the participants’ viewson mediation were articulated in the shadow of the Polish criminal justice system.Next, I explore why the participants viewed mediation as a business-like encounterand, finally, I explore the participants’ perceptions of apology – something that cameup as one of the most interesting findings of the study.The aim of this paper is to argue that the viability of restorative justice should beapproached as a process that is influenced by broader socio-economic, political andeven linguistic factors. Although the Polish model of victim-offender mediation wasinspired by the restorative justice concept, the narratives of my lay participants suggesta number of socio-cultural obstacles to the further development of restorative justicein Poland. Despite a limited knowledge of victim-offender mediation among the studyparticipants, it is clear that support for mediation is negotiated and conditional.Although victim-offender mediation was mainly perceived not as a punishment, therole and purpose of this practice was discussed against the background of the Polishcriminal justice system. Although the relationship might be defined as “uneasy” (seeShapland et al. 2006), restorative justice, since its conception, has been interwoven withthe two. One of restorative justice’s central hopes was to establish an alternative systemof crime resolution that would eliminate the infliction of pain. However, the trajectoryof restorative justice solutions in many countries demonstrates that the functioningof a majority of them is dependent on criminal justice agencies. Given the close andinseparable relationship between the two, I argue in my research that the ways in whichlay people perceive the criminal justice institutions affect their perceptions of alternativeconflict resolutions. Then, as it emerged in my fieldwork, the study participants’ perceptionof harm suggests that mediation might be seen as an avenue to focus onthe financial side of the reparation, and as result might achieve something other thanrestorative goals. The narratives of my study participants also explore the difficultyof acknowledging apology as a genuine element of the restorative encounter. Thiscould be due to looking at apology through the lens of court apology, sociolinguistic or cultural reasons. John Braithwaite in his book Restorative Justice and ResponsiveRegulation (2002) rightly indicated that “we are still learning how to do restorativejustice well” (p. 565). Nevertheless, the question whether a perfect restorative justiceprogramme is ever possible remains open.

10

Sprawiedliwość w sędziowskim wymiarze kary

51%

Królikowska J.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2017

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vol. 43

279-325

EN

The article starts with the general presentation of the sociological perspective on the question of justice in the motives of a criminal judge’s sentencing decisions. The question of justice is also analysed in relation to the legitimation of the criminal law and the various theories of punishment, retributive, consequentialist, and mixed. Punishment is analysed as a social and legal institution and as a social process in its various organisational forms. The rationalisation of punishment as a social and legal institution is analysed in relation to the question of human rights, and the question of its effectiveness in social control as a tool in the protective function of the criminal law. The problem of justice is also analysed from a subjective point of view as a question of the just judge. It is not only analysed here as an ethical question, but also as a problem of the methodology of the work of the judge, and a question of organisation of the sentencing process. The article presents the results of research (sociological reports) concerning the question of the motives of judges’ sentencing in the criminal courts. The article presents the basics of the methodology and results of research in that respect which was carried out in the 1930s (B.Wróblewski, W. Świda), 60s and 70s (T. Kaczmarek, W. Świda), and the 1980s (T. Kaczmarek, J. Giezek and the team), and the latest research carried out by the authors in 2012–2015 (J. Królikowska, J. Utrat-Milecki). The authors explain here the general outline of the method of culturally integrated (social and legal) studies, which they used in their sociological and anthropological research on the criminal justice offi cers (judges, prosecutors and probation officers), and which is also the theoretical background of the present article. Finally, the authors present the broader culturally integrated definition of punishment, so as to help to identify the main research questions in socio-legal studies of punishment considered both as a socio-legal institution and a social and legal process which can be identified in different organisational forms.

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Uzasadnione odstępstwa od zasady skargowości w kodeksie postępowania karnego?

Životní cyklus trestného činu z nenávisti: tři scénáře

Assisting Victims: The British Model in Comparative Context

Criminology and the criminal justice system in the Russian Federation after socio-political transformation

Rewizja poglądów na temat konfliktu jako własności. Przeszkody we wprowadzaniu procedur sprawiedliwości naprawczej i sposoby ich pokonywania z punktu widzenia polskiej praktyki prawnej

Kurator sądowy wobec nowych zadań i zmian w systemie resocjalizacji

Wykonywanie wyroków kary śmierci w polskich więzieniach grudzień 1954 – kwiecień 1956

Improving Drug Courts - A Preliminary Study

Victim-offender Mediation in Poland – The Lay Perspective

Sprawiedliwość w sędziowskim wymiarze kary