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1

Social-Psychological Analysis of Crime Determination as a Theoretical Basis for Reduction Measures Elabration

100%
Pastushenia A.
Internal Security
|
2011
|
vol. 3(2)
227-240
EN
In the article the author analyses the state of crime determination theory. In criminological works an explanation of crime as a social phenomenon is connected with understanding it as secondary against other social phenomena and is aimed at discovering the conditions and causes engendering it. Since cause-and-effect framework took the main place in crime theory new data on particular cases concerning determination of various types of crime in modern conditions has been accumulated and the level of elaboration of a theoretical and methodological base for explanation has still stayed unchanged. The author believes that criminogenic defects of social legal conscience are internal determinants of crime in society. In modern theoretical works general explanation schemes of crime cause and effect are retained and that doesn’t help the science to advance a solution of concrete practical tasks. The author assumes that ensuring social justice has got a particular influence on estimated possibilities for satisfaction of needs and lawful interests. Justice becomes the major value in people’s relations and is appreciated according to the presence of equal opportunities in labour payments, education, medical help or other spheres of social welfare as well as an adherence to the principle of remuneration due to quality and quantity of labour. The article presents theoretical and methodological rules which may serve to help the next step in development and concrete definition of crime determination. The author shows a social mechanism of crime based on social-psychological analysis of its factors.
2

Community Policing: Homogenous Societies are Actually Heterogenic — Challenges to Diverse Community Needs

88%
Roelofse C.
Internal Security
|
2013
|
vol. 5(2)
7-20
EN
The article presents modern approach to the concept of community policing, taking into account the need to meet the diverse needs of communities in theoretically homogeneous societies. The author presents situation of Poland in the context of political and economic changes, including a historical perspective, focusing on the factors which condition the diversity of needs resulting in the modern community policing concept. In the paper, the author compares the levels of crime in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, following their transformation process, and also indicates significant similarities in the policies of crime prevention and control. In addition, a pertinent analysis of the reasons for the increase in crime in these countries is presented, as well as important guidelines for police executives on the use of proactive and reactive strategies in the context of differences in theoretically homogeneous societies. Based on the business and system model, the correct approach to these issues is presented, characterized by a novel recognition in the area of market segmentation characteristics for product strategy. The article indicates that the identification of segments in society and their needs fulfilment should be based on policing practices moderated by scientific reasoning. The proposed trends apply both to the officers and the entire police organization, while the changes require that the role of police in society be determined as perceived by the police themselves and the public. In the context of the suggested model, the guidelines of legal, human and scientific nature are presented.
3
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Czynniki kryminogenne przestępczości podatkowej

87%
Wilk L.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2008
|
issue XXIX-XXX
227-238
4
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The Roots and Specifics of Juvenile Delinquency among Romany People in Slovakia

75%
Hroncová J.
The New Educational Review
|
2005
|
vol. 7
72-78
EN
This contribution deals with the roots and specifics of young Romany criminality in Slovakia after 1989. Among specific features of Romany criminality are a high criminality involvement of children, juveniles, and women. Romany people hold a higher proportion of property, moral, and violent criminality in comparison with the majority of society.
5
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New psychoactive substances. The phenomenon development and the institutional and legal mechanisms for its prevention

63%
Semków D.
Journal of Modern Science
|
2019
|
issue 1(40)
45-64
EN
The phenomenon observed in many countries for many years is an attempt to bypass the law by launching psychoactive substances on the market whose possession and sale is not regulated by the existing drug law. The number of chemically and biologically modified substances is dramatically increasing and the substances themselves are increasingly stronger and threatening people’s health and lives. Issues relating to the occurrence of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are the subject of increasingly in-depth analyses. In connection with the steadily increasing number of NPS and their substantial availability, there are more and more doubts about the effectiveness of the model adopted in earlier years in Europe and in individual countries, whose purpose is to subject new psychoactive substances to legal control. Based on the information presented in the article, one can assume that the reason for the development of new psychoactive substances to date was, on the one hand, the weakness of the legal regulations in force, both national and international, and on the other, specialized technical and chemical capabilities of manufacturers. Another thesis that can be put in the context of the studied subject is the statement that the phenomenon of new psychoactive substances has a high criminogenic susceptibility and is a decisively negative phenomenon, classified as the pathology of social life. In view of the above, the activities of prevention, detection and control of new psychoactive substances are important in the process of effective fight against NPS. The article does not constitute a comprehensive and complex overview of what NPS are. The aim of the study is a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon of such substances, which will allow for a deeper understanding of the causes of such a wide scale of NPS, their diversity and ease of accessibility. Considering the above, the article attempts to stress the priority issues according to the article’s author and which are crucial in the process of universally understood NPS prevention – i.e. international cooperation, national legal regulations, and chemical analyses conducted in forensic laboratories.
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