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Kultura, retrotopia, „tylda”. I co z tego wynika w kontekście wojny Rosji z Ukrainą

100%
Płuciennik J., Sikora-Krizhevska P.
Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich
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2022
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vol. 65
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issue 1
105-114
EN
The article is a short essayist contribution to the study of the culture of Russia and critical media analysis. It is supposed to be a propaedeutic recognition of the main issues. It is not a methodical review.  Authors start with an overview of the relationship between culture and war especially in the context of nazi totalitarianism and post-colonial thoughts of Joseph Conrad: culture often serves as an excuse to plunder someone else's land. War and propaganda always, and this is also a case recent in Russian-Ukraine war, are strictly interrelated: one of Putin's most important ideological stories is the restoration of the Tsarism with the tsar as the savior of the world. (Cf. Snyder 2018). Ivan Iljin is the main figure from Russia's past who is restored and venerated by the Putin regime. The "real men" ideology supports this ideological construct.  The authors of the essay refer to the notions of "turning points history" and "counterfactual history" by Nial Ferguson and Nassim Taleb. This concept can be subordinated to the symbolic graphic representation in the tilde sign, discussed in the context of the culture of Putin's regime in Critical Quarterly by Condee, Prokhorov, Prokhorov 2021.  According to the authors of the essay, these old-new cultural phenomena, including the present war, are also accompanied by nostalgia and the phenomenon of retrotopia described by Zygmunt Bauman. Svetlana Boym (1995) wrote about nostalgia in the context of breakthroughs in Russia as early as 1995, which, moreover, is mentioned at the beginning of Bauman's last book (2017; see Bauman 2018).  The role of retrotopia in contemporary Russian culture, based on the popularity of filmic retro-series of the last decade, was analyzed and described by Mark Lipowiecki (2021). The authors point to several new examples of this retrotopic shift in Putin's culture in Russia. 
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Krytyczna analiza przekazów medialnych w czasach postprawdy – podstawowe definicje i rekomendacje

86%
Stoch M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura
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2019
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issue 11(1) "Postprawda. Nowe narracje i praktyki społeczne w epoce sfingowanych informacji i gatunków hybrydycznych"
66-76
PL
Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do zagadnienia krytycznej analizy przekazów medialnych w czasach tzw. postprawdy. W części pierwszej znajdziemy uporządkowane informacje na temat fake newsów oraz ich rozróżnienie na ich dwa główne typy: dezinformacje i tzw. mylne informacje. W rozdziale poświęconym postprawdzie, oprócz definicji zjawiska, Autorka koncentruje się na opisaniu współczesnego kontekstu medialnego. Znajdziemy tu odwołanie do pracy Jeana Baudrillard i jego teorii zastępowania prawdy jej symulacją. Artykuł zamykają rekomendacje dla użytkowników mediów, którzy chcą doskonalić swoje kompetencje w zakresie krytycznej analizy przekazów medialnych.
EN
The article is an introduction to the critical analysis of media messages in the times of post-truth politics. In the first part we can find basic informations about fake news, and their distinction into their two main types: disinformation and misinformation. In the next chapter, the Author focuses on describing the contemporary media context. We find here a reference to the work of Jean Baudrillard and his theory of replacing the truth with its simulation. The article closes recommendations for media users who want to develop their media competences.
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