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EN
The beginning of the 21st century is the period of the intensive development of the Western Civilization changing from industrial epoch based on industry and resources to informative epoch where most important issues are information and knowledge. Because of the change, there are new problems and threats which have not existed before. In the industrial world, we are afraid of physical threats – fires, thefts and sabotage. In the world of information, virtual threats must be added as well. Various occurrences where rules of management are not observed can lead to critical situation or crisis and as a result can ruin a particular subject. What is more, computer-related occurrences must also be mentioned. Different occurrences and information security incidents will be taken into consideration in the article, such as serious threats which can cause crisis in organization if suitable management mechanism was not prepared.
EN
The beginning of the 21st century is the period of the intensive development of the Western Civilization changing from industrial epoch based on industry and resources to informative epoch where most important issues are information and knowledge. Because of the change, there are new problems and threats which have not existed before. In the industrial world, we are afraid of physical threats – fires, thefts and sabotage. In the world of information, virtual threats must be added as well. Various occurrences where rules of management are not observed can lead to critical situation or crisis and as a result can ruin a particular subject. What is more, computer-related occurrences must also be mentioned. Different occurrences and information security incidents will be taken into consideration in the article, such as serious threats which can cause crisis in organization if suitable management mechanism was not prepared.
EN
The article contains considerations on the possibility of treating a crisis situation as a result of other problems and difficulties, sometimes hidden, which previously occured, that contribute to the weakness and inability of a human being to continue functioning. The assumption that a crisis situation is a complex combination of many problems allows for a different view of the support system. The article presents arguments in favor of recognizing a crisis situation as a state of multiple problems a person cannot cope with on their own. The main features of the support system as part of crisis intervention and some imperfections of its functioning were also characterized.
EN
The Critical Management Act creates a legal basis for dealing with critical infrastructure. It contains the following definition: critical infrastructure includes systems and functional objects which are connected with each other, including: buildings, devices, systems, key services for a country and its citizens’ security and other systems and objects which deal with ensuring efficient functioning of public administration bodies as well as institutions and enterprises. At national level, the protection of critical infrastructure is coordinated by the Government Centre for Security. In accordance with the critical management act, which is in effect at present, the legislator defines that critical infrastructure is created by systems and consists of functional objects connected with each other: buildings, devices, systems, key services for a country’s security and its citizens’ security and other objects and services which deal with ensuring efficient functioning of public administration bodies as well as institutions and enterprises The article contains an enumeration of the systems which are included in critical infrastructure.
EN
Intensification of threats in recent years in Poland has exposed many imperfections in the system of disaster management at many levels - national, regional, and, most importantly, local. Lack of integration of IT systems of institutions responsible for crisis management has often led to information chaos and inability to perform basic tasks in this area. In crisis situations which occur in Poland – that is disasters with catastrophic consequences – there exists a real risk of failure to perform required operations. The article presents an outline of Japanese crisis management system. It describes research conducted by Japanese institutions related to disaster management, and discusses information and decision support systems. The article focuses on mutual integration of such systems and data flow among institutions and parties involved in the preparation, response and dealing with consequences of crisis situations. It also presents principles of operation of the Metropolitan Disaster Research Center, which conducts research and works as a crisis management center for the city of Tokyo. The authors presented four institutions which are vital for the Japanese system: JAMSTEC, NIED, E-Defence, and Tokyo Metropolitan Disaster Research Center. Technical and technological solutions existing in the above institutions may be a model for systems built in Poland and the world, especially since the whole system has recently undergone a serious test as a result of the disaster that struck Japan on the 11th of March 2011. The test that, according to many observers, proved that Japanese system of disaster management can be given the highest rating.
EN
The basic responsibility of the army during the peace time is to support the state bodies also the Police to keep the national security of the country. Whether this task is performed effectively or not depends on the quality of the cooperation between those parties. The duties of representatives delegated to organize cooperation between the Armed Forces and the Police were specified in various legal acts in different level of details and often without clarity of the subject. As a result of it, the subject of cooperation is regulated for the moment by signing bilateral agreements between interested institutions on separate levels of decision authority. The areas of cooperation between the Armed Forces, Military Police and the Police are realized on the basis of appropriate legislative acts and signed agreements and they include: information exchange, joint preventive and operation activities, investigative measures and logistic support. The current law and signed agreements allow to realize cooperation, however in the future the model of cooperation between those institutions should be concentrated on not only the exchange of experiences and information but also organization of joint exercises and trainings. The highest level of importance should be given to the aim of common training and exercising armed forces and police assets prepared to fight the terrorism. This training ought to be preceded by accepting common procedures concerning information exchange, cooperation, management and mutual relations between participants during the counterterrorist operations, so it consistently would improve effectiveness of the action during the real crisis situations.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy zarządzania kryzysowego w szeroko pojętych organizacjach (podmiotach gospodarczych, przedsiębiorstwach, instytucjach, firmach), rozpatrywanego przede wszystkich z punktu widzenia zdarzeń zachodzących na zewnątrz organizacji, które wpływają na sposób funkcjonowania i osiągania celów organizacji w sytuacji kryzysu. W pracy zaprezentowano pojęcia kryzysu, zarządzania kryzysowego oraz zagrożeń w ujęciu zintegrowanego systemu krajowego powołanego ustawą o zarządzaniu kryzysowym w 2007 roku. Właściwa interpretacja powyższych pojęć ma istotne znaczenie dla procesu zarządzania sytuacją kryzysową i bezpieczeństwem w przypadku organizacji, poszczególnych jednostek, kraju i całego społeczeństwa. W syntetycznym ujęciu przedstawiono także ustawodawstwo z analizowanego zagadnienia oraz instytucje zarządzania kryzysowego wraz z przykładami ich działania.
EN
The article refers to crisis management in different organizations such as: businesses, enterprises, institutions and firms, studied basically from the point of view of course of events that happen outside an organization, which influence the way of their functioning and reaching targets in a situation of a crisis. The work presents an idea of crisis, crisis management and threats in the perspectives of an integrated state system, appointed by the law on crisis management in 2007. A correct interpretation of the above issues is vital for managing the critical situation and safety in case of an organization, individual units, the country and the whole society. In a synthetic approach to the issue, the legislation concerning the analysed case has been presented as well as crisis management institutions, supported by examples showing their activities.
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2017
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vol. 26
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issue 1
87-113
EN
The article presents issues concerning the imaginations of the family by children staying in the Crisis Intervention Centre. The basic problem the article deals with is the question how the respondents imagine their own family. Three essential components are emphasized in the question: (1) identification of the respondents with significant persons in the family, (2) emotional conflicts in family relationships, and (3) structure of the family with the special focus on the child’s position. The research material was acquired by means of the Family Drawing Test, as well as interview and observation connected with it. In this way eight children aged 7–12 years were questioned. The contents associated with the interpretation of the data are preceded by theoretical issues referring to definitional and descriptive issues involving: crisis, critical situation, dysfunctional family and Crisis Intervention Centre.
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