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Sodalities of our Lady Existing in Kraków Secondary Schools in the 19th Century and in the Second Polish Republic

100%
Puszka A.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2018
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vol. 66
|
issue 2: Historia - Selected Papers in English
119-156
EN
The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 57, issue 2 (2009). The Sodality of Our Lady is a Catholic religious association for young people founded in the Jesuit College in Rome in 1563 by Fr Jan Leunis. The most gifted and devout boys joined the Sodality in order to spread the cult of the Mother of God. Popes provided care for the vibrantly developing movement because of the great influence Sodalities of Our Lady had on the religious formation of young people. Jesuits established Marian congregations of students attending colleges in all Catholic countries, forming an international elite organization of lay Catholics. Sodalities thrived and they spread to all social estates in the 17th and the first half of the 18th century. Not only did school students belong to it, but also popes, kings, the gentry, clergy, townsfolk, craftsmen, military men and servants. The chief objective of the Sodality was to live by the motto “Per Mariam ad Jesum.” The development of the Sodality was halted by the dissolution of the Jesuit Order. In the middle of the 19th century the pronouncement of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Holy Virgin, made by Pope Pious IX, opened a new era of the cult and a new period in the history of the Sodality. In Poland, the first Marian congregation of school students was established in Braniewo in 1571. At the end of the 18th century, before the dissolution of the Jesuit Order, in Poland there were 66 colleges, seminaries and monastery schools, and there was always at least one congregation affiliated to each of the schools. At the end of the 19th century, school sodalities were revived in Galicia, i.e. in Tarnopol, Chyrów, Tarnów, and in a girls’ secondary school run by the Ursulines in Kraków. A dynamic development of Marian congregations of school students started after Poland regained independence in 1918. The centre of the sodalitarian movement for all the estates was Kraków. The movement gained solid foundations in the two powerful sodality unions of both secondary school boys and girls. Father Józef Winkowski established a sodality for boys, and Fr Józef Chrząszcz one for girls. Sodalities published their own magazines, organized conventions, pilgrimages to Jasna Góra (Częstochowa, Poland), and ran charity organizations. In the late 1930s, nearly seventeen thousand students of secondary schools throughout the country were members of school sodalities. At the dawn of the Second Polish Republic, the greatest number of school sodalities operated in Kraków. There were 11 boys’ sodalities in secondary state schools and one in a private school run by the Piarist Order, and 11 girls’ sodalities in state and private schools. The Sodality of Our Lady contributed to the religious revival in Poland. The development of this organization was halted by World War II. After the war, in the years 1945–1949, the operation of the Sodality of Our Lady was resumed in many centres. The liquidation of church organizations in 1949 stopped its work for good, and its members came to be persecuted by the Communist regime.
2
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[Recenzja]: Zakon w przestrzeni miejskiej i jego wpływ na mentalność ludzi w dawnej Polsce. Rozważania nad rozprawą Wiktora Szymborskiego, Bracia z ulicy Freta. Studia nad dominikanami warszawskimi w epoce nowożytnej.

63%
Kicińska U.
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
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2019
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vol. 111
459-470
EN
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3
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Komisyjny opis figury Matki Boskiej Hałcnowskiej (dokonany dnia 18 grudnia 1984 r.)

63%
Przybyszewski B.
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
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1988
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vol. 57
156-158
EN
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4
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Kaszubi i Królowa ich serc: Madonna Sianowska i Swarzewska

38%
Cichosz W., Urbanowicz‑Pluto L.
Studia Gdańskie
|
2010
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issue 27
111-129
PL
Pobożność maryjna i związany z nią kult jest jednym z głównych nurtów, które ożywiają codzienne życie religijne i kulturę Kaszub. Matka Boża jest Królową całego regionu i swoją opieką otacza wszystkich jego mieszkańców. Szczególnym miejscem kultu maryjnego są sanktuaria, które na Kaszubach od lat są ostoją polskości i katolicyzmu. Obserwując życie religijne rdzennych mieszkańców Kaszub można zauważyć, iż sanktuaria maryjne w Sianowie i Swarzewie prezentują wszystkie cechy lokalnego dynamicznego i żywego centrum kultu Matki Bożej. Istotną rolę w oddawaniu czci Maryi odgrywają pielgrzymki do tych sanktuariów, a koronacje figur wpłynęły na ożywienie ruchu pielgrzymkowego. Na uwagę zasługuje chrystocentryzm kultu maryjnego, bowiem uczestnictwo w Eucharystii to kulminacyjny moment uroczystości.
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The sanctuaries of Our Lady in Kashubia, similarly to other regions of Poland, are a source of genuine faith and piety of Catholics. They show how, through Our Lady, people who believe in God strengthen the bond with their Maker. Just like Mary is the precursor of faith, love and a perfect union with Christ, people who head for Her sanctuaries entrust all their lives to Her. The sanctuaries in Swarzewo and in Sianów, where Our Lady reigns for people of Kashubia, are a sphere of faith, where the faith expresses itself in close bond with Her and Her Son. Our Lady provides loving care not only for the people of the sea but also for marriages, families and all the people who turn to Her. That is why the sanctuaries of Our Lady in Kashubia have been the mainstay of Polish character and Catholicism. Pilgrimages to Kaszubia, organised also in other regions of Poland, play a crucial role in the cult of Mary in this region. Their number bears testimony to the range of this cult and its impact on the local communities. Coronation of the figures of Mary contributed to the revival of pilgrimages. Thus Kashubian sanctuaries are now thriving and they have become closer to the hearts of the faithful from other regions of Poland as well.
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