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EN
The theoretician Adrian Marino has tried to offer a real theory which should explain the entire system of comparative literature. The author aimed to articulate a genuine poetics in order to revigorate this research field. Therefore, Adrian Marino becomes the promoter of the idea of Weltliteratur and proposes a new theoretical concept, that of literary invariant, meant to lend a fresh analytical perspective to comparative literature. The author strongly believes that the hermeneutic perspective can facilitate a more appropriate interpretation of this field / system, both as a homogeneous whole and as a sum of the component parts, choosing to emphasize the congruent aspects of the world’s literatures instead of the divergent ones.
EN
Problem. This paper discusses the problems of cultural dialogues in the area of martial arts. It is linked to the 70th anniversary of judo-do (”extended road of judo”) and the traditions of the Idokan organisation. The theoretical perspective is mainly derived from the sociology and anthropology of martial arts and includes the Eliade/ Tokarski theory of cultural dialogues. Method. The main research method is an analysis of literature, both scientific and popular. Participant observation over more than 25 years (up to 2017) was also used. The author has also drawn on his own direct participation in the area for some of the factual analysis. Results. The author distinguishes the successive stages, manifestations and effects of cultural dialogue. As a result of this research it may be concluded that intercultural encounter and dialogue have been through five stages in the Idokan tradition: 1) judo-do created by Julius Fleck; 2) the concept of Ido by Wally Strauss; 3) the Idokan Academy Europe; 4) Honbu dojo in Munich; 5) Activity of Idokan Poland Association (IPA). Between 1947 and 1954 organisational structures were being developed in a number of countries. Over the following 20 years the framework for the international federations including jujutsu and judo, was being established. Between 1970 and 1980, Strauss introduced the concept of Ido and developed an appropriate structure for Idokan. The achievements of the succeeding founders and leaders of Idokan contributed to intercultural dialogue in the Europe – East Asia – Australia triangle. It covered both their organisational activity and the creation of new ideas and direct teaching and popularization. This applies in particular to the elasticity, and thus universal concept, of Ido. The last stage is the international, successful activity of IPA. Conclusions. The institutionalisation of teaching was developed as well as the introduction of teaching and master’s (technical and honorary) degree certification. Divisions within the judo-do federations and associations and Idokan have hindered their organisational development. However, the original ideas are still cultivated and developed further, especially in the IPA.
SL
Literarna besedila, ki se (zaradi svoje intertekstualnosti) navezujejo na druga besedila, značilna samo za literarno tradicijo in kulturo originala, veljajo za prevajalca kot posebna vrsta translatorske problematike in resni praktični problem. Članek obravnava to tematiko na primeru pesmi "Urszula Kochanowska" (poljskega avtorja Bolesława Leśmiana) v prevodu Toneta Pretnarja. Intertekstualni elementi, ki so prisotni v originalu, ustvarjajo dialog z literarno tradicijo in sprejemno kulturo, ker v tujem/drugem kontekstu pridobivajo drugačno, novo interpretacijsko vlogo, funkcinirajo drugače in imajo drugačno vrednost.
EN
The artistic texts which as a part of the intertextuality phenomena refer to other texts, known only in the native literary tradition and culture of the original text, present an enormous challenge for the translator ( in this article the deliberations on this subject are illustrated by the work of Bolesław Leśmian titled "Urszula Kochanowska" in a Slovenian translation of Tone Pretnar). The intertexual elements go into a dialogue with a literary translation and a target culture because in a foreign context they function differently. However, they always have enriching value (at least from the cognitive perspective).
EN
The introduction to this volume includes a reflection on truth and the pursuit of truth, which is the meaning of scientific inquiry. The subject also concerns historical issues (hoplology) and cultural dialogue carried out by the (theoretical and practical) study of martial arts. The status of our Journal has been discussed according to the basic indicators used for the evaluation of scientific journals. Information about the content of the 22nd volume of the “Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology” has also been included.
PL
Wprowadzenie do niniejszego tomu zawiera refleksję o prawdzie i dążeniu do prawdy, co jest sensem naukowych dociekań. Rzecz dotyczy też kwestii historycznych (hoplologia) oraz dialogu kulturowego realizowanego przez studia (teoretyczne i praktyczne) sztuk walki. Omówiony został stan tego naszego Journala według podstawowych wskaźników stosowanych dla ewaluacji czasopism naukowych Zamieszczono też informację o treści XXII tomu „Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”.
EN
The essay based on the analysis of the story Merry Gertrude by contemporary author Y. Buyda addresses the forms and functions of inter-cultural dialogue as a means of reflections of the author's standpoint.
EN
It is a short report from the 5th Innovations Forum and the 1st Carpathian States Tourism Forum held on 27-28 of May at the University of Rzeszów in Rzeszów. This is an account of an extraordinary congress (about a thousand participants), with the main emphasis, made within the framework of the Forum, on panel session: “Cultural Dialogue in Tourism”. This event of a great economic, political and scientific importance is described and reviewed here. It also quotes a text of one of the introductory papers, on the theory of tourism.
PL
Jest to krótkie omówienie Piątego Forum Innowacji (poświęconego w całości tematyce turystycznej) i Pierwszego Forum Turystycznego Państw Karpackich, odbytego w dniach 27- 28 maja na Uniwersytecie Rzeszowskim w Rzeszowie. Jest to więc komunikat o tym wyjątkowym kongresie (około tysiąca uczestników), z głównym akcentem na odbytą w ramach tego Forum sesję panelową: „Dialog kulturowy w turystyce”. Ta impreza o dużym znaczeniu gospodarczym, politycznym i naukowym została tu opisana i zrecenzowana. Dodatkowo przytoczono tekst jednego z referatów wprowadzających, dotyczący teorii turystyki.
EN
The paper presents an outline of the history of Russian and French cultural alliance, beginning with episodic contacts in the 16th and 17th centuries until the 18th c., which commences a dialogue with France that would continue over several hundreds of years. Its ideological and cultural principles became the source of inspiring civilization transformations and the foundation of the pro-Western identity of the then still until recently Holy Russia, with Peter I, “the Revolutionary on the Throne”, as the initiator and promoter of a Western – French – civilization. The process of infiltration by the French culture advanced further thanks to the fascination on the part of Peter I’s daughter Elizabeth with anything that was “in the French spirit”. This resulted in the phenomenon of Gallomania, which culminated in the second half of the 18th c., i.e. during the reign of Catherine II. At that time, with the Russian admiration for the French Enlightenment ideals in the background and thanks to Catherine II’s friendship with the Encyclopédistes (mostly Voltaire and Diderot), Russia – with its Enlightened Absolutism – aspired to the circle of the most powerful European countries.
PL
Referat prezentuje zarys historii mariażu kulturowego Rosji i Francji, począwszy od epizodycznych kontaktów w XVI i XVII wieku, aż po wiek XVIII, który otwiera trwający wiele wieków dialog z Francją. Jej ideowe i kulturowe pryncypia staną się źródłem inspirujących przemian cywilizacyjnych i fundamentem prozachodniej tożsamości niedawnej jeszcze Świętej Rusi, a inicjatorem i propagatorem zachodniej – francuskiej – cywilizacji okaże się „rewolucjonista na tronie” Piotr I. Procesowi postępującej infiltracji francuskiej kultury w Rosji sprzyjać będzie fascynacja córki Piotra I – Elżbiety wszystkim, co z ducha francuskie, co procentować będzie zjawiskiem gallomanii, którego apogeum przypadnie na II połowę XVIII wieku – okres panowania Katarzyny II. Wówczas, w tle rosyjskiej admiracji ideami francuskiego Oświecenia, dzięki przyjaźniom Katarzyny II z encyklopedystami (głównie Wolterem i Diderotem) Rosja ze swym absolutyzmem oświeceniowym aspirować będzie do grona najpotężniejszych mocarstw europejskich.
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