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EN
For a long time many authors have been studying the factors that allow for a better explanation of different accounting practices among various countries. Cultural conditions are more often regarded as one of the reasons for these differences. Cross cultural psychology may prove helpful in becoming aware of one’s own cultural identity. Researchers of this field try to systematise the traits characterising particular cultural circles. The objective of this article is to present three basic typologies of cultural value models: the conception of S.H. Schwartz, G. Hofstede and S.J. Gray. Next more recent studies that have examined the impact of national culture on accounting using these theoretical frameworks are presented.
EN
The topic of this article is focused mainly on presenting two subjects. First one in cultural tourism, second one is Finland as a travel destination. In both cases man can speak about a trend that showed up in the beginning of 21st century. This trend is focused on developing cultural tourism as a reason for traveling on one hand and on Scandinavia as a very exotic and not well know tourist destination on the other hand. Watching the fast growing group of people interested in cultural tourism and visiting Northern Europe we should look closer at the direction cultural tourism in Scandinavia is choosing. This area is so large and worth researching that we decided to present each of Nordic countries separately. In this article directions of development of cultural tourism in Finland are presented as well as trends, attractions and areas of promotional work of tourism boards in this country.
EN
This paper studies a common Tok Pisin lexical verb and auxiliary save ‘know’; ‘habitual’, respectively, and its prominent uses in examples of social interaction described in one section of the Wantok magazine and a Papua New Guinean writer’s short narrative. The linguistic material examined here seems to point to the semantic category of ‘social rela- tionship nouns’ (SRNs) as relevant to the contextually and culturally adequate understand- ing of the examined examples of Tok Pisin usage.
EN
In the interwar period, the ruling authorities considered culture as a matter of marginal concern. Delivered to the free market, it was not managed in a consistent way. A particular example of a grassroots cultural policy was the Warsaw Housing Cooperative. Built on socialistic foundations, it used culture as a way to consolidate its residents’ community and to develop the latter. The aim of this article is to show this original social phenomenon. By picturing its ideological foundations and the Cooperative’s institutional architecture, specific shapes of cultural activities can be shown, with special regard to its theatrical creation which was more innovative and original than other artistic events of then-Warsaw.
EN
On 21 November, 1920 UPR Army in continuous battles had to go to the Zbruch. Weapons and military equipment have been transferred to the Polish authorities. Army personnel were interned in line with international standards. Extremely difficult conditions for troops interned in Poland demanded immediate action to improve the moral and morale of the soldiers. The primary means of overcoming the feeling of despair and inner spiritual crisis were a cultural and educational activities. In 1921 was established cultural and educational council of the General Staff of the Ukrainian Army under orders of the UPR troops General command. National, social, cultural, aesthetic, moral and physical education of Ukrainian troops were priority activities of cultural and educational councils. Council was focused on the need for the promotion of the idea of the Ukrainian statehood restoration and military power of Ukraine. Almost all educational activities in camps and units conducted cultural and educational departments of UNR Army divisions that have been established in all Ukrainian troops camps. Council departments were in the camps: Łańcut, Kalisz, Szczypiorno, Strzałkowo, Aleksandrów Kujawski, Wadowice and other. The activity of cultural and educational institutions and groups that were in the camps has contributed to raising the level of education of the UPR Army soldiers to prevent demoralization of prisoners and promoted national and patriotic education. Educational work that began in the camps have laid a solid foundation for further learning Ukrainian troops overseas.
EN
The article is based on the assumption of crucial role played by the political communication processes in the societies of late modernity. The problem under scrutiny pertains to framing of the messages promoted in the public sphere by various social movements. As a crucial component of the social conflicts and the promoters of change social movements provide perfect case for studying the structure and processes of social and political communication, frame and counterframe building strategies, their diffusion, winning supporters and the promotion of new ways of reality interpretation necessary to ignite a change. The aim of the paper is to present theoretical dilemmas and analytical ideas which constituted a part of cultural approaches to the study of social movements and used the concept of frame to explain this phenomenon.
EN
According to the Reports of the Polish Supreme Audit Office (NIK) and Polish Academy of Science (PAN), education and prevention play a key role in promoting healthy lifestyle and in building health competences. Those documents are the basis for the development of a modern, national strategy aimed at promoting pro-health physical activity. The purpose of the study is to present physical activity and health as a value in modern culture and as a moral-ethical act. The theoretical point of reference is the analysis of selected literature from the philosophical anthropology of John Paul II, the theory and sociology of physical culture and health sciences. In addition, the article presents current research showing the attitudes of adults toward physical activity and health as a value. The authors attempt to show health as a value from the perspective of a positive, ethical and moral understanding.
PL
Wśród działań na rzecz ochrony zdrowia rekomendowanych w raportach m.in. NIK i PAN wskazywana jest znacząca rola edukacji i profilaktyki w promowaniu zdrowego stylu życia oraz budowaniu kompetencji zdrowotnych. Dokumenty te stanowią bazę do opracowania nowoczesnej, narodowej strategii ukierunkowanej na upowszechnianie prozdrowotnej aktywności fizycznej. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktywności fizycznej i zdrowia jako wartości we współczesnej kulturze oraz jako czynu moralno-etycznego. Teoretycznym punktem odniesienia jest analiza wybranej literatury z zakresu antropologii filozoficznej Jana Pawła II, teorii i socjologii kultury fizycznej oraz nauk o zdrowiu. Ponadto w artykule zaprezentowano aktualne badania, ukazujące postawy osób dorosłych wobec aktywności fizycznej i zdrowia jako wartości. Autorzy podejmują próbę ukazania zdrowia jako wartości z perspektywy pozytywnego, etyczno-moralnego rozumienia.
EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss selected cultural keywords in the Norwegian translation of Wisława Szymborska’s (1923–2012) poetry. Translators O.M. Selberg and Ch. Kjelstrup used multiple approaches, thanks to which Norwegian readers have a chance to get acquainted with typical Polish phenomena, although often at an expense of the original text. Since the kind of publishing itself – an anthology of translated poetry – indicates the place of Szymborska’s work in the foreign discourse, her published works in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, along with her reception in Norwegian discourse as a Nobel Prize winner, are discussed here as well.
PL
Atrakcyjność poznawcza i metodologiczna komunikacji politycznej jest wciąż zaskakująco wysoka. Mimo iż w przestrzeni naukowej (publikacje, konferencje, dydaktyka) odnotowuje się w każdym roku istotną obecność tej problematyki, podejmowanie kolejnych przybliżeń jest intelektualnie prowokujące i mam nadzieję – potrzebne. Znajomość procesów i zjawisk w obrębie komunikacji politycznej ma istotne znaczenie dla rozumienia i wyjaśniania relacji między dwiema sferami: polityką i komunikacją. Jedną z podstawowych cech tych sfer jest wyjątkowa dynamika. Stanowi ona przesłankę do podejmowania refleksji teoretycznych i prowadzenia badań empirycznych.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę współczesnego młodego człowieka – ucznia, który ze względu na silne zanurzenie w medialnym świecie może być określany jako homo mediens. Przywołano kilka raportów obrazujących to zjawisko. Sformułowano warunek dobrego funkcjonowania w świecie mediów – równowagę między warstwą techniczną i kulturową. Naszkicowano zasadnicze kierunki przemian w edukacji niezbędnych dla prawidłowej realizacji procesu kształcenia tej nowej kategorii uczniów
EN
The article presents the characteristic of young modern man – a student, who due to strong immersion in the world of media, can be called homo mediens. Few reports which illustrate this phenomenon are referred to. A condition for the proper functioning in the world of media – the balance between technical and cultural layers – are formulated. The main directions of changes in education, necessary for the proper implementation of the learning process for this new category of students, were outlined.
EN
One of the most significant elements, strongly binding the politically divided Great Emigration, were the joint efforts on documentation of the Polish heritage. This article discusses a rare phenomenon in Europe – a collective and spontaneous action taken abroad by expatriates to find, collect, and develop French Polonica. This type of action was a collective effort of the whole national minority living in Paris. It shows a unique social effort: the association of citizens deprived of their own state in various groups and unions working jointly in order to prove the Polish rational status, legitimacy of Polish nationality. By showing the different stages of working on French Polonica, the dedication of individuals and societies, one must pay attention to the favorable French circumstances: some earlier interest in Russian literature and the uniqueness of Polish romantic writing. In addition, we observe the development of national ideology. Writing about the role of Polonica, the transcendent thinking and action taken jointly by the people of the Great Emigration, we present the organizational phenomenon of registration of Polish literature and the entire Polish culture. Part of the article is devoted to the most important methodological problems, related to the formal classification of closely-identified French Polonica which have been identified, thus indicating further research fields.
PL
W artykule ukazano podjęty przez wychodźstwo zbiorowy wysiłek społeczny – zrzeszanie się pozbawionych państwowości obywateli w różne ugrupowania i związki w imię nadrzędnego interesu: uprawomocnienia polskiej kultury, udowodnienia jej żywotności jak i zaprezentowania Europie bogatej polskiej tradycji piśmienniczej. Przed ukazaniem emigracyjnych inicjatyw na rzecz tworzenia, promocji i ochrony poloników zaprezentowano wcześniejsze francuskie zainteresowania Wschodem, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kultury rosyjskiej. Omówiono – determinowaną bardziej przez polską kulturę niż politykę – aktywność stowarzyszeniową wychodźstwa w jego pierwszych latach pobytu poza macierzą. Przybliżono sylwetki dziewiętnastowiecznych prekursorów działalności na rzecz promocji polskiego piśmiennictwa na Zachodzie, a następnie plany, działalność oraz dorobek twórczy najaktywniejszych organizacji, które powstały po upadku powstania listopadowego. Ukazano zbiorowe jak i indywidualne zaangażowanie na rzecz stopniowej organizacji i gromadzenia polskiego dziedzictwa piśmienniczego. W trakcie omawiania kolejnych działań na rzecz zbierania i tworzenia poloników na emigracji ukazano wspólne polskie myślenie ponad politycznymi podziałami, a także inicjatywy i przedsięwzięcia scalające i de facto formujące Wielka Emigrację. Wskazano na inaczej kształtujący się system emigracyjnych wartości, który w całym procesie promocji polskiej kultury piśmienniczej we Francji wydawał się być kluczowy.
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