Nowadays, when society becomes more homogenous and states and regions tend to lose their uniqueness, it is very important to identify and save traditional values, ethnicity and cultural diversity of people. The existence of uniqueness indicates inheritance and development of the culture. The aim of the article is to discuss conscious or unconscious belonging to Malenia as a region and to the Malenians as a unique group of people of Vidzeme for today’s youth, based on their interests and knowledge. In this article we try to analyze thoughts of young Malenians about their belonging to the region of Malenia, their level of sense of belonging as well as the importance of local culture, language and traditions in everyday life of young Malenians and their interests and knowledge about it. Within the scope of this article, by Malenians we understand historically formed people of north-east part of Vidzeme, who have their own uniqueness — particularities of the language, characteristics, perception of the world, as well as particularities of material and nonmaterial culture. While by Malenia we mean west and middle part of Aluksne Municipality — 14 parishes (all parishes included in Aluksne Municipality, excluding Liepna parish, which historically belongs to north part of Latgale) and the town of Aluksne. Questionnaire of 13 managers and employees of libraries of Aluksne Municipality, interviews of 10 young Malenians and 4 other people of Malenia and a group discussion of 12 students of E. Gluck’s Aluksne State Gymnasium were used to collect empirical data. The main conclusions are that: self awareness and sense of belonging to Malenia of young Malenians forms based on visible and audible in present features (as language, territory where to live, proximity of Estonian and Russian borders), but not in direct connection with historical formation of Malenia. A very slight interest of young Malenians about the questions of cultural history of Malenia cause worries about inheritance and existence of sub-dialects, traditions, material and nonmaterial culture in the future. School in parish is not only a place for getting education but is often center of creative actions and culture as well. It can create an interest in young Malenians about the development of the region and about the origin of their roots.
The purpose of this article is to present the preliminary results of the research on the shepherds' everyday life that I have been conducting since 2015 in the field of history, migration, and cultural heritage of the Vlach minority inhabiting the areas from Albania to the northern Carpathians. One of the research stages entails the studies of the daily life and rituals of the highlanders living in the huts on the Polish side of the Carpathians. The article describes the issues concerning the organization and the time-space symbolism of a modern hut, including their daily life and schedule of activities. The research was conducted in the selected huts of Spiš, Orava, Podhale, Żywiec region, and Silesian Beskids in Poland in 2015-2018. In all cases, I applied qualitative research, mostly structured and unstructured interviews with senior and young shepherds working in the huts, as well as covert and overt participant observations conducted during selected pastoral holidays and meetings in various spaces-in temples, during highlander's and Vlach conventions, in theme meetings, and in the huts. I supplement these techniques with the analysis of the visual sources that I made during the field research, received from the enthusiasts of this topic, or found on the Internet. The research has shown that modern pastoralism oscillates between two poles: the traditional, which has made it possible to retain many elements from the past (cultural heritage), and the modern, thanks to which shepherds introduce global solutions to their huts and traditions.
PL
The purpose of this article is to present the preliminary results of the research on the shepherds' everyday life that I have been conducting since 2015 in the field of history, migration, and cultural heritage of the Vlach minority inhabiting the areas from Albania to the northern Carpathians. One of the research stages entails the studies of the daily life and rituals of the highlanders living in the huts on the Polish side of the Carpathians. The article describes the issues concerning the organization and the time-space symbolism of a modern hut, including their daily life and schedule of activities. The research was conducted in the selected huts of Spiš, Orava, Podhale, Żywiec region, and Silesian Beskids in Poland in 2015-2018. In all cases, I applied qualitative research, mostly structured and unstructured interviews with senior and young shepherds working in the huts, as well as covert and overt participant observations conducted during selected pastoral holidays and meetings in various spaces-in temples, during highlander's and Vlach conventions, in theme meetings, and in the huts. I supplement these techniques with the analysis of the visual sources that I made during the field research, received from the enthusiasts of this topic, or found on the Internet. The research has shown that modern pastoralism oscillates between two poles: the traditional, which has made it possible to retain many elements from the past (cultural heritage), and the modern, thanks to which shepherds introduce global solutions to their huts and traditions.
Adults education in the sphere of culture plays a significant role in a personal development of a particular person, their skills, abilities, and interests. It enables self –realization and helps in the area of developing social competences. It is considerably important in the case of people serving a sentence of imprisonment, regardless of singular experiences regarding culture. Education activities carried out in penitentiaries have an important pedagogical dimension and their significant aim is to prepare inmates to live at large. A broad culture dimension helps inmates in finding their music, art, and acting interests and abilities and allows to form plans for life at large. Meeting with culture becomes for them a chance to gain knowledge in intersting for them culture spheres including inmates for whom it is the fist contact with culture. It is a chance for them to find some areas of their identity. Finally, a range of organised workshops in penitentiaries and outside in culture institutions allows to experience culture at large. Education in the sphere of culture becomes a voluntary choice and a participation in workshops becomes inmates’ manifestation of creative activities.
PL
Edukacja dorosłych w obszarze kultury odgrywa znaczącą rolę w rozwoju osobowości człowieka, jego umiejętności, zdolności, zainteresowań, ułatwia autorealizację, jak również wspomaga w zakresie rozwoju kompetencji społecznych. Szczególnie jest to ważne w przypadku osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności, niezależnie od jednostkowych doświadczeń w zakresie obcowania z kulturą. Działania edukacyjne realizowane w jednostkach penitencjarnych mają ważny wymiar wychowawczy, a ich istotnym celem jest przygotowanie do życia wolnościowego. Szeroki wymiar kultury pomaga niejednokrotnie osadzonym w odnajdywaniu swoich zainteresowań, zdolności muzycznych, plastycznych, aktorskich, a tym samym pozwala w oparciu o nie budować plany dotyczące życia już po odbyciu kary
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