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The Biblical Annals
|
2018
|
vol. 8
|
issue 3
319-361
PL
The Gospel according to Mark strives after providing the answer to two fundamental questions who Jesus is and who his disciple should be. Thus, the Evangelist makes some attempts to depict the identity of Jesus emphasizing his being the Son of God (cfr. Mk 1:1; 15:39). What is more, setting the description of the road leading to Jerusalem in the centre of his literary work, the author of the gospel highlights the identity of the Jesus’ disciple, who is not always able to understand the one, who called him. The aim of this article is to present the way how the pericope about the cure of a blind man (Mk 8:22-26) is depicted in the dynamism of the whole gospel and how it corresponds with effort being made with the aim of answering the questions: who Jesus is and who his disciples should be. The text, which is written in accordance with the principles of synchronic analysis, is comprised of such sections: I  Introductory issues (distinguishing of the pericope as the whole; textual criticism; defining of the internal structure; synoptic comparison); II. Exegetical analysis; III. The significance of the pericope in the context of the whole Gospel; In the analysis of the cure of a blind man (Mk 8:22-26) the disciples are presented as those who seem to remain “outside” Christ mystery. The pericope corresponds perfectly with the fact that they possess eyes that do not see (cfr. Mk 8:18) and they do not yet understand (cfr. Mk 8:21). Not only does Jesus open the eyes of the blind man but also wants to open the eyes of his disciples. Two stages of healing reveal that regaining sight fully is preceded by the period of “shortsightedness” when the disciple has a vision but still blurred. He follows Jesus to Jerusalem, though, he does not understand who Jesus is. The moment when he completely opens his eyes and understands becomes possible in the context of the Paschal Mystery.
EN
The relation of the priest to Jesus Christ, and in him to his Church, is found in the very being of the priest by virtue of his sacramental consecration and in his ministry. The priest, who reflects his Lord, Jesus Christ is the servant of Christ present in the Church as mystery, communion and mission. Thus, by his very nature and sacramental mission, the priest appears in the structure of the Church as a sign of the absolute priority and gratuitousness of the grace given to the Church by the risen Christ. Through the ministerial priesthood the Church becomes aware in faith that her being comes not from herself but from the grace of Christ in the Holy Spirit. Each priest, whether diocesan or religious, is united to the other members of this presbyterate on the basis of the sacrament of holy orders and by particular bonds of apostolic charity, ministry and fraternity All priests in fact, whether diocesan or religious, share in the one priesthood of Christ the head and shepherd. Finally, because their role and task within the Church do not replace but promote the baptismal priesthood of the entire People of God, leading it to its full ecclesial realization, priests have a positive and helping relationship to the whole community. They have to recognize and uphold the dignity of the ecclesial community serving the sacraments and helping faithfully the given people.
PL
Jak wielu aspołecznych i aseksualnych geniuszy, Sherlock Holmes był w większości adaptacji prezentowany jako bohater z cechami kojarzonymi w kulturze popularnej z autyzmem, takimi jak nieprzeciętna inteligencja analityczna, niechęć do nawiązywania bliskich relacji z ludź­mi, niezrozumienie norm społecznych i brak empatii. Artykuł analizuje konstrukcję postaci Sherlocka w serialu BBC Sherlock oraz wykorzystaną w nim narrację o leczeniu detektywa, w wyniku którego traci on cechy autystyczne. Następnie przedstawiam krytykę tego rodzaju narracji z perspektywy studiów o niepełnosprawności, skupiając się na przemocy zawartej w dehumanizacji autystyków oraz w próbach wykorzenienia autyzmu.
EN
As is the case with most asocial and asexuals geniuses, in most of his incarnations Sherlock Holmes has been presented as a character with qualities associated with autism in popular culture, such as high analytical intelligence, unwillingness to establish close relations with people, lack of understanding of social norms and lack of empathy. The article analyzes the character of Sherlock Holmes in the BBC TV show “Sherlock” and the narrative of cure employed in the show, which leads to him losing his autistic traits. Next I present a critique of this type of a narrative from the perspective of disability studies, focusing
PL
Choroba i związane z nią cierpienie należą w sposób naturalny do życia ludzkiego. Jednakże dla osób wierzących choroba przybiera wymiar religijny. Człowiek podeszły w latach, lub dotknięty niemocą na ciele, może swoje cierpienia łączyć z cierpieniami Chrystusa i ofiarować je jako wynagrodzenie za grzechy swoje, rodziny, lub oddać je Bogu w konkretnej intencji. Aby tak się stało, musi mieć świadomość, że Kościół ogarnia troską wszystkich - chorych i starszych, i przychodzi z pomocą poprzez sakrament chorych, który ma swoje podstawy w Biblii, jak zresztą i pozostałe sakramenty. Stary i Nowy Testament ukazuje troskę o tych, którzy dotknięci cierpieniem nie są pozostawieni sami sobie. Szczególnie św. Jakub w swoim Liście pisze: „Choruje ktoś wśród was? Niech sprowadzi kapłanów Kościoła, by się modlili nad nim i namaścili go olejem w imię Pana. A modlitwa pełna wiary będzie dla chorego ratunkiem i Pan go podźwignie, a jeśli popełnił grzechy, będą mu odpuszczone” (Jk 5,13-15). Zgodnie z tymi słowami Kościół ma szczególną misję niesienia Dobrej Nowiny i pociechy chorym i cierpiącym na wzór samego Chrystusa, który „przyszedł do tych, którzy się źle mają”.
EN
Illness and pain are in a natural way connected with human life. However, for those who believe in God, illness takes on a religious dimension. The older man affected by a physical disorder may associate his sufferings with those of Christ and offer them as penance for his sins and those of his family, or give them to God in a particular intention. For this to happen, the sick person must be aware of the Church’s concern for all the sick and elderly and its help which comes through the Sacrament of the Sick. This sacrament has its foundation in the Bible just as the other sacraments have. Both the Old and the New Testament urge us to care for those who suffer and not to leave them alone. St. James in particular writes in his letter: “Is anyone among you sick? Let him call for the priests of the Church to pray over him, anointing him in the name of the Lord. And the prayer full of faith will save the sick, and the Lord will raise him up, and if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven” (James 5: 13-15). According to these words the Church has a special mission to proclaim the Good News and to comfort the sick and suffering on the model of Christ himself, who “came to those who are sick”.
EN
The article entitled “Lingua by Erasmus of Rotterdam – between physiology, philosophy and philology” is devoted to the treatise “Lingua, Sive, De Linguae usu atque abusu Liber utillissimus” which was originally published in 1525, while in an anonymous Old Polish translation it first appeared in 1542. It represents one of the most important voices in then Europe on the role of language in international social communication. In it issues related to the ethics of language, seen from a theological, philosophical and philological perspective, were taken up by the Rotterdammer, using references to medical and natural sciences. The combination of these areas of knowledge has become the subject of in-depth analysis in the article. The term „tongue”, which is equivocal in meaning, is understood in the treatise as the organ for as well as the process of speaking. As a consequence, the „physiology of language” presented in the Lingua, resulting in an extended lesson in anatomy, eventually moves the discourse into the area of reflection on the importance and role of word both in interpersonal association and in the Christian „galaxy” – the humanitas, as a factor for its integration and guarantor of peace.
EN
Extending current research on pandemics in Europe and in particular in 16th and 17th century France, we have proposed to examine in this article the medical recommendations that aimed to protect patients from plague epidemics. Based on health regimes and plague treatises of the time, we analyzed the instructions offered by doctors, surgeons and apothecaries, to lead a healthy, virtuous life and preserved from disease. In the first part, we reminded contemporary reader of the foundations and theories of ancient medicine which, based on a complex and coherent system, favored the “middle ground” and sobriety. In the second part, we have grouped together the various prophylactic prescriptions relating to the six unnatural things, focusing on eating and drinking, movement and rest, the evacuation of superfluous humors and the control of passions.
FR
Prolongeant les recherches actuelles sur les pandémies en Europe et en particulier dans la France des XVIe et XVIIe siècles, nous nous sommes proposés d’examiner dans le présent article les recommandations médicales qui visaient à protéger les patients des épidémies de peste. En nous appuyant sur les régimes de santé et sur les traités de pestes de l’époque, nous avons analysé les instructions proposées par les médecins, chirurgiens et apothicaires, pour mener une vie saine, vertueuse et préservée de la maladie. Dans la première partie, nous avons rappelé au lecteur contemporain les fondements et théories de l’ancienne médecine qui, sur la base d’un système complexe et cohérent, privilégiait le « juste milieu » et la sobriété. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons regroupé les diverses prescriptions prophylactiques relatives aux six choses non-naturelles en nous concentrant sur le manger et le boire, le mouvement et le repos, l’évacuation des humeurs superflues et la conduite des passions.
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