The paper deals with the impact of culture on convicted offenders. Culture is an important element of post-penitentiary assistance, indicating to inmates the possibility of focusing their efforts on spiritual values, with which many of them have not identified themselves before. Culture as part of the everyday life of society encompasses, among others, customs, ways of satisfying basic needs, superstitions, beliefs, broadly defined ideology, everyday life including family relations, questions of upbringing and, finally, fashion. An extremely important element of culture is the need to promote it, i.e. a planned process of its dissemination the objective of which is to make cultural goods accessible to as many people as possible.
Enforcement of custodial sentences with regard to women is a peculiar problem of penitentiary nature, determined by biological and psychological gender-related determinants. That is why the implementing penal measures regulated differently for this group of inmates include deferment of custodial sentences. Deferment of custodial sentences constitutes an exception to the principle of immediate enforcement.
A frequent reason for women remaining in harmful, abusive relationships is mainly fear of revenge, losing children, sense of guilt and erroneous conviction on abuse. Financial dependence and a lack of familiarity with forms of assistance and available support force a woman to remain in a disordered relationship, sometimes running afoul of the law. Sometimes it is the case that during yet another bout of abuse they reach for any object at hand and give a fatal blow to their torturer-the worst and at the same time the saddest scenario. Both options result in “the end” of one suffering-experiencing violence and the onset of another one related to serving a custodial sentence. In this article I would like to signal that some life paths combine those two awful experiences implying an absence of support of the immediate environment as well as of institutional support by entities whose responsibility it is to provide help.
The paper is focused on the consequences of the amendment of the Penal Code provisions relating to the penalties, providing a theoretical background for the problems of penalties considered as a part of the Penal Code as well as indicating the current problems of judicial practice in that respect. Especially, the author focuses on the legislator’s assumptions, namely the introduction of the primacy of non-custodial penalties and the emphasis of the compensatory function of criminal law.
The article discusses the changes introduced to the Penal Code and the Executive Penal Code by the Act of 7 July 2022 within the scope of the institution of conditional release. The subject of this article are the regulations connected with formal conditions of adjudicating this measure, its appeal, the probation period as well as executory aspects concerning another petition for conditional release and placing a condemned person under supervision. The publication includes historical references as well as solutions for the future, in the legislative and organizational dimension for further development of this institution.
PL
Artykuł omawia zmiany wprowadzone do Kodeksu karnego i Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego ustawą z dnia 7 lipca 2022 r. w zakresie instytucji warunkowego zwolnienia. Przedmiotem artykułu są regulacje związane z przesłankami formalnymi orzekania tego środka, jego odwołania, okresem próby, jak również aspekty wykonawcze dotyczące ponownego wniosku o warunkowe zwolnienie i objęcia skazanego dozorem. W publikacji przedstawiono wątki historyczne, a także rozwiązania na przyszłość, w wymiarze legislacyjnym i organizacyjnym dla dalszego rozwoju tej instytucji.
The isolating system of social reintegration for perpetrators of sexual offenses on juvenile based on existing provisions of the law – Polish casus. The article is an attempt to show the possibilities of creating conditions that increase the sense of social security against the perpetrators of sexual offenses on juvenile who leave penitentiaries after serving a custodial sentence. As it is clear from the research conducted so far, none of the therapeutic and pharmacological methods can guarantee the changes in the offender’s mentality and, hence, their sexual motivations. Therefore, we should look for alternative methods of dealing with sexual offenders who return to life in society. There ought to be a coherent system of prevention combining the use of security measures, resulting from The Penal Code provisions, directing the offender to the ambulatory treatment in order to carry out pharmacological therapy and psychotherapy, and implementing the system of control based on electronic supervision. This form of supervision of sexual offenders would help to provide greater social security. The objective of this paper is attempt to show methods of dealing with offenders diagnosed with sexual dysfunctions who are about to leave penitentiaries. The introduction of certain solutions, based on existing law, can meet social expectations in this important area.
Długoterminowa kara pozbawienia wolności powoduje szereg dolegliwości psychicznych i społecznych. Odizolowanie od dotychczasowych warunków życia na wolności, od rodziny, przyjaciół zmienia zachowania osadzonych, którzy zaczynają coraz bardziej koncentrować się na aktualnej sytuacji. Prowadzi to do zerwania więzi z osobami bliskimi pozostającymi na wolności. Celem opracowania było zbadanie roli związków partnerskich zarówno w życiu skazanych, jak i w procesie resocjalizacji, a w szczególności ustalenie specyfiki tych związków, roli, jaką pełnią w życiu obojga partnerów, oraz ewentualnych zmian, jakie dzięki tym relacjom zaszły w zachowaniu badanych w trakcie pobytu w zakładzie karnym. Na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w oparciu o strategię jakościową i przy wykorzystaniu metody wywiadu omówiono dwa typy związków. Na podstawie materiału badawczego wskazano na oczekiwania badanych par dotyczące związków, czynniki wzmacniające i osłabiające funkcjonowanie ich relacji oraz na prognozę penitencjarną.
EN
Long-term custodial sentence causes a number of psychological and social problems. Isolating from current living conditions, family, and friends changes the bahaviour of prisoners who begin to increasingly focus on their current situation. This influences bonds with close relatives who are at large. The aim of the article was to examine the role of domestic partnerships, not only in the life of the convicts, but also during the process of resocialization. Particularly, the main objective was to establish the specificity of these relationships, the role they perform in the life of both partners and possible changes resulting from the relationships which could be observed in the behaviour examined during the course of the stay in the penitentiary. With regard to the collected material, it was possible to present the respondents’ expectations towards their relationships, strengthening and weakening factors influencing the functioning of relationships and the forecast of penitentiary.
In the introductory part, the paper refers briefly to the historical interpretation of the provision of article 35 § 3 of the Polish Penal Code on the basis of further amendments to the Polish Penal Code of 1997 as well as contradictory ideas concerning its interpretation. Further on, the issue concerning the interpretation of the legal norm of article 35 of the Polish Penal Code is described on the basis of its current wording, taking into consideration the legal doubts connected with it that may come about when applying this regulation in practice. The paper also attempts to explain the role of the possible consent of a convict to pass on them a custodial sentence from the perspective of not only the court, but also and mainly the defendant themselves as well as their defence counsel. This issue is discussed taking into account the situation both before and after the custodial sentence has been imposed on a given perpetrator.
Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest syntetyczna analiza problematyki związanej z karą pozbawienia wolności. Kara ta jest jedną z najstarszych, o dość skostniałym kształcie. Pod jej adresem podnoszonych jest natomiast szereg zastrzeżeń, dostrzeganych nie tylko przez pryzmat kosztów, jakie wiążą się z jej wykonaniem, lecz także przez pryzmat funkcji, jakie kara ma pełnić wobec skazanego. Powstaje zatem pytanie, czy jest w obecnej polityce karnej alternatywa dla tego rodzaju kary? Autorzy próbują odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, a równocześnie przedstawić istniejący stan prawny i wysuwane w doktrynie propozycje jego modyfikacji.
EN
The main aim of this article is to provide a synthetic analysis of the problems associated with custodial sentences. This is one of the oldest types of sentence, and it has a fairly ossified structure. It is, however, subject to a number of objections, perceived not only in terms of the costs related to its implementation, but also in terms of the purpose that the sentence is meant to serve in relation to the convicted individual. This raises the question – is there an alternative for this kind of sentence within current criminal policy? The authors attempt to provide an answer to this question, while simultaneously presenting the existing state of the law and proposals offered within the doctrine for its modification.
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