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Central and Eastern European Countries under Cyberthreats

100%
Świątkowska J.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2017
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vol. 1 (46)
30–39
EN
The paper aims to analyse how information warfare can be conducted in cyberspace and to look at this issue from the perspective of Central and Eastern European Countries. It argues that this form of hostile actions will be increasingly utilized in the region. The main assumption, following Alvin Toffler’s theory, is that “information” – as an increasingly important element of modern societies and as their strategic resource – also serves as a significant tool of modern conflicts. Since information is nowadays strongly related to new technologies, mainly the aspects connected to cybersecurity are analysed. The article looks closer at different aspects of cyberthreats and explains their possible consequences. It may serve as good material for further research and recommendations on countermeasures that may increase security in Europe.
2
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Geostrategic situation of Latvia in relation to the foreign policy of the Russian Federation

100%
Stańczyk J.
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 3
55-62
EN
The work addresses the issue of the geostrategic situation of Latvia in relation to Russia’s foreign policy, which is important for security in the Baltic Sea region. The work uses literary, historical and systemic methods of analysis. The aim of the work is to present the geostrategic position of Latvia. A historical analysis was undertaken indicating the causes of the current geostrategic situation of the country. The conditions and goals of the Russian foreign policy in the Baltic Sea basin and the strategic goals of actors involved in the region of NATO, the EU, the Russian Federation and Latvia were indicated. The main problems of the geostrategic location include cyber-attacks, disinformation campaigns conducted by the Russian media and a real threat to the integrity of the state posed by the Russian inhabitants of the country. It was decided that the Russian population could be used as a tool of pressure on the country’s authorities, especially since the Russian minority, constituting approximately 26% of Latvia’s population, can create its own parties and demand its rights, including demands for autonomy. The forecast of changes assumes that this problem will increase as Latvia struggles with demographic complications. It can be concluded that the smaller the numerical ratio of Latvians to Russians, the more difficult it will be for them to maintain their own statehood in a potential conflict situation with Russia. This is currently the most serious issue in Latvia’s security policy.
3
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Wojna i konflikt w cyberprzestrzeni. Piąty teatr wojny

59%
HEROMIŃSKI M.
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
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2024
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issue 30
185-211
EN
The aim of this article is to present the genesis and typology of cyberspace and the threats that result from activities carried out in this area by state and non-state entities. The basic concepts, especially cyberspace, which is treated as a potential new theater of war, have been systematized. It was also presented the characteristics of the studied phenomenon from the point of view of using it to carry out destructive activities in the digital space and in the real world. Cyberspace is becoming an area for carrying out effective activities that serve to neutralize the enemy in a short time and with little effort. To prove his theses, the author uses numerous examples from the actual international relations, such as: the cyberwarfare in Estonia, the Israeli-American operations against Iranian ICT systems and the cyber-clashes between the United States of America and China.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie genezy cyberprzestrzeni oraz typologii zagrożeń związanych z działaniami prowadzonymi w tej sferze zarówno przez podmioty państwowe, jak i pozapaństwowe. Dokonano systematyzacji pojęć z zakresu cyberbezpieczeństwa, zwłaszcza cyberprzestrzeni, która jest traktowana jako nowy teatr wojny, oraz zaprezentowano, jakie właściwości omawianego zjawiska mogą zostać wykorzystane do prowadzenia działań destrukcyjnych w przestrzeni cyfrowej oraz w świecie rzeczywistym. Cyberprzestrzeń staje się dogodnym obszarem do realizacji efektywnych działań, które służą unieszkodliwieniu przeciwnika w krótkim czasie i przy niewielkim nakładzie sił. Autor omówił przykłady realizacji takich działań z pierwszych dwóch dekad XXI w.: cyberwojnę w Estonii, izraelsko-amerykańskie operacje przeciwko irańskim systemom teleinformatycznym oraz cyberstarcia Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki z Chinami.
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