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Czynnik kulturowy w relacjach francusko-amerykańskich

100%

LAKOMY M.

Przegląd Politologiczny

2011

issue 1

39-48

French-American relations certainly are among the most complex and at the same time most controversial in French foreign policy. The main factors that determine the nature of relations between France and the US include culture. A few features can be pointed out here to demonstrate their unique nature. Firstly, the importance of anti-American sentiments and Francophobia (anti-French sentiments) should be emphasized. The roots of these broadly shared attitudes may be sought both in the past (the experiences ofWWIand WWII) as well as in the present political relations between the two countries. The French nation is generally critical of American foreign policy, the US social and economic system. In the USA, in turn, we come across a similar attitude of Francophobia. This mainly stems from the commonly shared image of France as a difficult, chaotic and unpredictable ally. While anti-American sentiments and Francophobia do not translate into political decisions made either in Washington or Paris, they still influence the atmosphere of mutual relations, as became apparent when American restaurant owners boycotted French wines during the Iraqi crisis. At the same time, though, both nations recognize each other’s achievements in such fields as culture, art or human rights. Secondly, the “conflict of universalism” described by Stanley Hoffman is worth noting. As both countries deem themselves to be the cradle of such universal values as liberty, equality, justice and human rights, they both assign themselves with a unique status among other countries. It is true that the repertoire of values France and the US represent is nearly identical, yet they are frequently understood differently on both sides of the Atlantic. Thirdly, the French-American relations are also profoundly influenced by the common French belief in France being an exceptional and powerful country. The national perspective and the manifestation of France’s privileged position in the international arena are to a significant degree present in their relations with the US. Ezra Suleiman, among others, observed that the French political elite were allergic to any forms of political, economic or cultural domination. Other issues that influence the state of French-American relations concern differences in the economic or social system, or the role of religion in the life of the state.

ZAGROŻENIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA KULTUROWEGO WOBEC KRYZYSU MIGRACYJNEGO ORAZ TERRORYZMU W OBSZARZE MENA

51%

El Ghamari M.

Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

2016

vol. 2(7) Obrona Terytorialna i jej rola we współczesnych systemach bezpieczeństwa

329-344

Głównym problemem związanym z kwestiami cywilizacyjnymi i kulturowymi, jest postrzeganie, wzajemnie poznanie siebie i zrozumienie odmienności. Dlatego też badania potencjalnych zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa kulturowego powinny być prowadzone w celu identyfikacji oraz przeciwdziałania tym zagrożeniom, a nie ograniczania współwystępowania odmienności. Tezą niniejszego artykułu jest stwierdzenie, iż w obecnym dynamicznym świecie, konflikty na tle kulturowym są niezwykle powszechne. Wymagają one identyfikacji procesów cywilizacyjnych oraz zrozumienia różnic społeczno-kulturowych. Co więcej, kontynent europejski jest silnie zróżnicowany pod względem narodowościowym oraz wyznaniowym. Potwierdzają to relacje państw na arenie międzynarodowej oraz ich potyczki dyplomatyczne związane z mnogością kultur oraz religii. Każde państwo, będące przedstawicielem pewnego narodu, dba w mniejszym lub większym stopniu o swym obywateli. Wyzwaniem dla każdego państwa jest przyjęcie oraz zasymilowanie ludności napływowej, tak by społeczeństwa żyły w stabilnym środowisku.

The main problem associated with the issues of civilization and culture, is the perception, understanding each other and understanding of diversity. Therefore, the study of potential threats to culture security should be conducted in order to identify and counteract these threats, and not limit the coexistence of differences. The thesis of this article is to say that in the current fast-paced world, conflicts on cultural background are extremely common. They require identification of processes and understanding of the socio-cultural. Moreover, the European continent is highly diverse in terms of ethnicity and religious. This is confirmed by reports states on the international arena and their diplomatic skirmishes related to the multiplicity of cultures and religions. Any State that is representative of some of the nation cares a greater or lesser extent of their citizens. The challenge for each country is to adopt and assimilate the immigrant population, so that the public lived in a stable environment.

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1 Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

1 Przegląd Politologiczny

1 El Ghamari M.

1 LAKOMY M.

1 2016

1 2011

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Czynnik kulturowy w relacjach francusko-amerykańskich

ZAGROŻENIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA KULTUROWEGO WOBEC KRYZYSU MIGRACYJNEGO ORAZ TERRORYZMU W OBSZARZE MENA