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Requirements engineering as the foundation for the success of substantial shipbuilding projects

100%
Ficon K.
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
|
2018
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vol. 50
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issue 3(189)
127-143
EN
The paper presents the general principles of requirements engineering with particular attention for the requirements specification presented on the example of an ambitious national program for the fleet expansion of the Polish Navy. The introduction outlines the origins of requirements engineering and its strong relationships with software engineering. It appears that most large IT projects usually struggle to meet the precisely formulated criteria of requirements engineering, which results in the tremendous waste of project resources. Next the concept of requirements and good practices in the preparation of requirements specifications is formulated. Later the example of the 15-year history of the Polish Gawron-class corvette, Project 621, is used to illustrate how systematic violations of the cardinal principles of requirements engineering and disregard for regulations can lead to major losses and consequently to suspending the whole project. An emergency solution was planned to conduct the thorough modification of the project so as to complete this very costly investment (about PLN 1 billion) and construct a much weaker patrol vessel – Ślązak, Project 621/M. The main research thesis can be limited to the statement that amateur and improvised requirements specification in the case of a large shipbuilding project, which was mainly based on socio-political needs, leads directly to the collapse of the project and significant material losses accompanied by the painful embarrassment of state bodies on an international scale.
2
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Przywrócenie terminu w postępowaniu administracyjnym

84%
Muzyczka K., Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa w Gdańsku
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
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2015
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vol. 75
PL
W postępowaniu administracyjnym obowiązują dwa podstawowe rodzaje terminów. Pierwszy rodzaj terminów to te, które wynikają bezpośrednio z ustawy (terminy ustawowe z kolei dzieli się na zawite i instrukcyjne), drugi rodzaj terminów to terminy dodatkowe wyznaczone przez organ administracyjny prowadzący daną sprawę. Zasadnicza różnica pomiędzy terminami zawitymi i instrukcyjnymi sprowadza się do konsekwencji prawnych, które występują po ich przekroczeniu. W przypadku przekroczenia terminu zawitego przez stronę dochodzi do nieskuteczności podjętych czynności, natomiast przekroczenie terminu zawitego przez organ powoduje z kolei utratę przez niego kompetencji do rozpatrzenia danej sprawy. W przypadku przekroczenia terminu instrukcyjnego nie dochodzi do powstania tak doniosłych konsekwencji prawnych. Terminy instrukcyjne mogą być zarówno wydłużane, jak i skracane. Oznacza to, że strona nie traci definitywnie prawa do występowania z określonymi żądaniami. Warto zaznaczyć jednak że, jeżeli dojdzie do przekroczenia terminu zawitego, to istnieje jeszcze możliwość jego przywrócenia. Przywrócenie terminu następuje zawsze na wniosek strony. W myśl obowiązujących przepisów strona ma siedem dni na złożenie stosownego wniosku. Termin ten liczy się od momentu (od dnia) ustania przyczyny powstania uchybienia.
EN
There are two basic types of terms in administrative proceedings. The first kind of terms concerns those which result directly from an act (these are in turn divided into final and instructional deadlines), the second type concerns extra periods and deadlines set by the administrative authority conducting the case. The main difference between the final and instructional terms boils down to the legal consequences that occur after non-compliance with them. In case of exceeding the limitation period by a party it comes to the ineffectiveness of the activities undertaken, while exceeding the limitation period by a body, in turn, causes a loss of its jurisdiction to rule in a matter. If you exceed the instructional term there are no such important legal consequences. Instructional deadlines can be either lengthened or shortened. This means that the party does not lose their right definitely to present specific requests. It is worth noting, however, that if you exceed the final deadline it is still possible to restore it. Restoration of term is always at the request of parties. Under binding provisions a party has seven days to present an application. This time limit begins from the moment (as of) cessation of a reason for failure.
3

Dopuszczalność i skuteczność w prawie polskim zastrzeżenia w umowie o roboty budowlane terminu do zgłoszenia inżynierowi kontraktu roszczenia, o którym mowa w subklauzuli 20.1

67%
Szejna S.
Rejent
|
2020
|
issue 12 (356)
46-73
EN
The purpose of this publication is to determine the legal effect of the term reserved in Sub-Clause 20.1 of the FIDIC type for making an Engineer’s notification to the Engineer for a claim for an extension of the contract term or any claim granted under these FIDIC type conditions. The lack of a statutory definition of deadlines in the Civil Code of April 23rd, 1964, and other regulations, makes it difficult to define them. As a consequence, such a state of affairs makes it difficult to resolve the doctrine, case-law and construction practice, the dispute as to the effectiveness of shaping the will of parties to contractual deadlines (including the provision of FIDIC Sub-Clause 20.1). Thus the problem is not only theoretical and, most of all, practical. The decision to avoid the bankruptcy of many construction contractors, who are rarely the weakest party to the construction contract, is required to accept the contractual terms imposed by the Investor (such as Sub-Clause 20.1 FIDIC).
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