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The impact of background category information on the creation of social cliques: The role of need for cognitive closure and decisiveness

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Bukowski M., Sędek G., Kossowska M., Trejtowicz M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2012
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vol. 43
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issue 1
12-19
EN
This article focuses on the role of need for cognitive closure in the process of mental model creation about social relations (i.e. social cliques). We assumed that high (vs. low) need for closure participants tend to rely on background category information when forming social cliques. We predicted that this tendency to employ categorical information as a mental aid, used in order to form social cliques, would be efficient in simple task structures (where category information overlaps with the mental model structure) but would lead to increased error rates in complex task structures (where category information is inconsistent with the model structure). The results confirmed our predictions, showing especially strong effects for the decisiveness component of need for closure. The importance of individual differences in need for closure and decisiveness in social reasoning is discussed.
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Individual differences in decisiveness: pre-decisional information search and decision strategy use

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Wichary S., Kossowska M., Orzechowski J., Ślifierz S., Marković J.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2008
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vol. 39
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issue 1
EN
We investigated whether individual differences in decisiveness are associated with a tendency to use different decision strategies during pre-decisional information search. To explore these potential links we administered the Need for Cognitive Closure questionnaire to 62 participants, followed by a probabilistic inference, multi-attribute choice task. Participants high in decisiveness dimension, compared to ‘low decisives’, spent less time and acquired less information prior to making decisions, especially in the first trials of the choice task. ‘High decisives’ also had a greater tendency to use a simple Lexicographic heuristic than ‘low decisives’. The results support the view that high decisiveness is associated with greater tendency to simplify the decision process.
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