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1
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Globalizacja – czyli stare i nowe średniowiecze. Podobne symptomy końca i wykuwanie się nowego ładu

100%
Laszczak M.
Polonia Journal
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2020
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issue 11
41-66
EN
Comparing modernity with the Middle Ages, you can see how different the times were, but this difference disappears when you look at it from a distance and focus your attention mainly on signals of decline. There are many of them, for example changing the approach to the globalization process. The Medieval Silk Road was getting deserted in the fourteenth century, citizens frightened by the plague, were locked in their national communities. Crises, riots – are well known from the past. And although today special institutions are involved in maintaining global order, they are not effective enough. One can get the impression that a new era has been forging before our eyes. If this is the case, it is worth paying attention to those activities that helped survive medieval crisis. The principles thanks to which many countries managed to take a better position are also valid in the twenty-first century. It is worth using them. Presently, we witness a lot of threats, but it is the moment concealing unique opportunities.
2
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Zoning of areas with susceptibility to oak decline in western Iran

100%
Ghanbari Motlagh M., Kiadaliri M.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2021
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vol. 40
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issue 1
75-83
EN
Zagros forests have the greatest impact on soil and water protection in western Iran. Despite this, a significant part of these forests, especially in Ilam province, have suffered a lot due to the phenomenon of oak decline. The  first and most fundamental thing a person must know when combating this issue is the distribution of these areas in forests. Therefore, using the parameters affecting the decline in the forests of Ilam province and based on fuzzy logic, a map of susceptible to oak decline areas was prepared. In this study, the parameters of temperature and precipitation, slope, aspect, altitude, distance from farmlands, roads and forest density were selected as effective parameters and fuzzy gamma overlap method was used. The results showed that more than 77% of the oak forests in the province are highly and extremely susceptible to the decline. This confirms the need for rapid action to plan and protect these forests. In addition, the fuzzy method is proposed, which is considered as a fast and efficient method in preparing such maps for other areas
3
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Growth and Decline of Assets: On Biased Judgments of Asset Accumulation and Investment Decisions

88%
Gonzalez N., Svenson O.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2014
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vol. 45
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issue 1
29-35
EN
Previous research showed that accumulations of capital following stationary interest rates are underestimated by human judges. Hyperbolic discounting was suggested as a descriptive and explanatory model for this phenomenon. First, we investigated judged accumulated capital after a period of annual growth and decline. The degree of underestimation increased with accumulated growth and the results supported hyperbolic discounting as a descriptive model on the group level. However, the hyperbolic model did not apply to the data for one third of the participants. Second, we investigated how investment decisions were related to capital accumulation before the investments and to judgments of the possible outcomes of the future investments. To our surprise, the participants’ judgments of expected future accumulated capital did not add predictive power to predictions based on whether there was growth or decline before the investment decision. Unfortunately this strategy leads to suboptimal investment decisions.
4
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O przyczynach zaniku diakonatu stałego w Kościele zachodnim

63%
Marczewski M.
Vox Patrum
|
1987
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vol. 12
283-290
EN
Die ersten Jahrhunderte des Christentums waren eine Blutezeit in der Geschichte des standigen Diakonats.
5
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TRANSICIÓN Y DECADENCIA EN EL TEATRO ALTERNATIVO O VANGUARDISTA ESPAÑOL Y POLACO

63%
Kacprzak K.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula
|
2019
|
issue 65(2) Filologia
46-56
ES
En el artículo, la autora resume tres casos de grupos de teatro vanguardista cuyas obras desempeñaron el papel de ritos de paso en los respectivos periodos de la transición democrática en Polonia y España. Se trata de las compañías: Teatr Ósmego Dnia, La Fura dels Baus y Els Joglars. Demuestra que dichos grupos no siempre disfrutaron de resultados positivos de su proyecto de “transición teatral”. Las compañías en cuestión, primero, introdujeron nuevos lenguajes escénicos, ajustaron cuentas con el pasado para abrir caminos al futuro, resumieron las consecuencias inmediatas de las transiciones, propusieron nuevos paradigmas o valores. Y después, siguieron funcionando en las nuevas estructuras, pero pagaron un precio importante. Las víctimas de los procesos de cierta decadencia en los tres casos han sido: el método de la creación colectiva, los valores de solidaridad y trabajo artístico compartido y la más alta calidad artística.
EN
The author shows how three avant-garde theater groups created works that played a notable role of rites of passage in their respective periods of transition to democracy. Troupes Teatr Ósmego Dnia of Poznań, Barcelona’s La Fura dels Baus and Els Joglars are analysed. The essay shows that transition brought a hefty price to pay. Initially, those groups introduced new performance codes, closed the past accounts and opened future ahead with new paradigms and values in view. Later, while they continued working within those new paradigms, they lost much of the drive. Collective creation, values of solidarity and group work suffered with quality, vigour and imagination all staled.
PL
W artykule autorka podsumowuje trzy przypadki awangardowych grup teatralnych, których prace odgrywały rolę rytuałów przejścia w okresach przemian demokratycznych w Polsce i Hiszpanii. Są to: Teatr Ósmego Dnia, La Fura dels Baus i Els Joglars. Tekst udowadnia, że grupy te nie zawsze cieszyły się pozytywnymi wynikami projektu „teatralnego przejścia do demokracji”. Najpierw wprowadziły nowe języki sceniczne, rozliczyły się z przeszłością, aby otworzyć drogi do przyszłości, podsumowały bezpośrednie konsekwencje zmian, zaproponowały nowe paradygmaty czy wartości. Potem pracowały w nowych strukturach, ale zapłaciły znaczną cenę. Ofiarami procesów dekadencji padły: metoda kreacji zbiorowej, wartości solidarności i grupowej pracy artystycznej oraz najwyższa jakość artystyczna.
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Zmierzch w literaturze i malarstwie austriackim na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

63%
Hurnik E.
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 2(21)
187-200
EN
The literature and arts in Austria at the turn of the 19th century developed in the atmosphere of decadence. The Austrian-Hungarian monarchy was falling into a decline and paradoxically, at the same time, the art experienced a tremendous boost. Secession was the main style in architecture and painting as well as impressionism, symbolism and decadence in literature. All the fields of arts reflected the feelings of transition, decline, premonition of death. They gained their deepest expression in the poetry of Georg Trakl, in which the end of a certain historical and cultural formation combined itself with the feeling of self-destruction, one’s own annihilation.
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Zmierzch alpinizmu?

63%
Stępień T.
|
2013
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vol. 11
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issue 2(21)
225-234
EN
The essay presents the changes in Polish and world alpinism / Himalaya mountaineering perceived as a particular cultural practice. Commercialization of high-mountain mountaineering (symbolized by crowds of rich amateurs climbing the Mount Everest) and pursuing personal success at any price (the case of Polish Broad Pick winter expedition) lead to tragedies and erosion of ideology and ethos of this once elite sport. In spite of this high (and the highest) mountains remain an object of interest for professional alpinists and ever growing group of high-mountain tourists.
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„Zmierzch zaimków dzierżawczych” – lampa naftowa i gazowa a doświadczenie nowoczesności

63%
Gielata I.
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 2(21)
235-248
EN
The essay presents the “flame dreamers” fascinated by kerosene lamps and gas lighting: Bachelard, Benjamin and, last but not least, Bohumil Hrabal, whose novels Taka piękna żałoba (Such a beautiful mourning) and Postrzyżyny (Cutting it short) describe childhood fascination with the beauty of those lamps. However, due to the twentieth century modernization, those lamps were replaced by electric light. Thus one can say that Benjamin and Hrabal lived in the times of decline of kerosene lamps and gas lighting, the lamps which added colours to their childhood world. The author links the disappearing of kerosene and gas lamps with the typically modern process of “colonizing the night” (A. Giddens). In this respect gas lighting and electric light become an element of the same process of the constant modernization. However, the writers of the emerging modernity clearly differentiate between the two types of lighting. They never sing praises of the “beauty” of electric bulb, yet quite often they admire the charm of gas and kerosene lamps which are bound to vanish. Thus they celebrate the loss as such, without realising what else is lost with their decline. This experience finds its fullest expression through language, in particular in the disappearance of the possessive pronouns (G. Bachelard). Electric bulbs are not wrapped in such words as my, mine, our, as kerosene or gas lamps used to be, and, as a consequence, modern man loses a friendly relationship with the surrounding objects.
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Zmierzch chrześcijaństwa, chrześcijaństwo zmierzchu

63%
Łysień L.
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 2(21)
53-66
EN
Using a semantically capacious category of decline with reference to the history of Christianity, we clearly see that decline, fall, exhausting of some historical formations of Christianity do not necessarily indicate the gradual disappearance of a evangelical kerygma. On the contrary, it is a chance for a fuller development and bringing forth the hidden novelty of Christ’s message. Thus Nietzsche’s thought (and similar ideas) can be perceived as a refreshing wave which inspires us to reveal and deepen our understanding of the Gospel’s potential.
10
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Modernity as Decline: An Ontologico-Historical Interpretation

51%
Humphries C.
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 2(21)
67-82
PL
We współczesnej dyskusji o kulturze interpretacja „nowoczesności” jako procesu schyłkowego, w rozumieniu konserwatystów, marksistów lub liberalistów zawiera wspólną aporię: w każdym przypadku zostawia się pierwszy lub drugi przeciwstawny paradygmat (ontologiczny lub historyczny) jako podstawę dyskursu. Zamiast wycofywać się do mistyczno-religijnej poetyki, która nie pozwala na rozróżnianie obu paradygmatów, proponuje się pozytywne rozwiązanie, traktujące je jako niemożliwe do wyeliminowania. Stwierdza się, że w kontekście ‘nowoczesności’ upadek kultury najlepiej pojąć jako cechę wewnętrznie złożonego zjawiska, w którym ontologiczne i historyczne modele rozumienia są powiązane poprzez wspólne relacje zależności i nieredukowalności. Powyższe stwierdzenie zostaje rozwinięte za pomocą opisu analogii pomiędzy kulturą a rodziną.
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Zmierzch i odradzanie się wartości humanistycznych (O świecie poetyckim Hansa Magnusa Enzensbergera)

51%
Krasoń K. J.
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 2(21)
201-212
EN
Hans Magnus Enzensberger uses fabulous and fairy-tale motifs in his poetry, as well as refers to myth, legend or topos, in order to show present conflicts. Sometimes he brings a child character into his works, at times adopts a puerile view of the world, mocks at human stupidity, expresses his critical approach to imperfect adult world, but at the same time manifests his negative attitude to global imperialism and social and political relationships prevailing in Germany. He sees in them the end of such values as human dignity, courage to express own thoughts or respect for another human being. Aware of civilisation threats, he fights in his poetry for human subjectivity by referring to the world of childish imagination, fairy tale and myth, in particular to the myth of childhood an parents, which he recalls in order to express his critical approach to declining society being based on money-worship and authoritarian power, which contributes to the objectification of human beings. In this study, using concrete examples, Enzensberger has been presented as a committed poet who tries – like Zbigniew Herbert – to support reality change and improvement in artistically valuable manner.
12
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Zmierzch literackiej sztuki przedstawiania

51%
Czubała H.
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 2(21)
35-52
EN
The decline of the art of the representation in the conception proposed in the article means first of all the change of the function and position of the mimesis in relation to aesthetic experience. If previously aesthetic experience was subordinated to representation, at present the representation has been subordinated to aesthetic experience. The decline of the of the art of representation suggests that the source of the literature perceived first of all as the form of the cognitive consciousness runs short. A rediscovery of art of revealing and participation – inseparable, however, from the art of the literary representation and mimetic mapping of the reality – today takes over the dominant part of the Polish literature of the high level, giving new functions to the representation.
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