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Le miroir déformant de la littérature: portraits dans "La Force du Désir" de Marie Krysinska

100%
Wierzbowska E. M.
Cahiers ERTA
|
2022
|
issue 32
30-49
EN
A roman à clef, where the presence of fictional and nonfictional elements is obvious, is a powerful framework for literary portraits of the author’s contemporaries. The degree of deformation, be it glamorizing or devaluing, depends on several factors, among which the pleasure of playing hide and seek is not the least. Each reference, even a demeaning one, brings out of the shadow of the past both prominent and background characters, as well as important events, all from the author’s point of view. Through this display, an image of a very complex environment emerges, where the worst rubs shoulders with the best, and where the constraints of daily life or loyalty to ideals impose difficult choices with very serious consequences. The author observes the sociological phenomena that affect her environment and, while making sharp criticisms, seeks to find a remedy for the wound that destroys Art and the Artist.
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Polski radiowywiad w latach 1918-1920

80%
Nowik G.
Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej
|
2023
|
vol. 1
|
issue 19
217-242
EN
This article discusses the origins of Polish radio-intelligence and its work during the Polish-Soviet War. The structures of radio-intelligence were consistently built from the fall of 1918, drawing on experience of Polish officers serving before the outbreak of the First World War in radio-telegraphic and intelligence units of the Poland’s partitioners armies as well as in Polish formations established in the Entente Powers during the war. Among these officers was Lieutenant Jan Kowalewski, who in the Second Department of the Cipher Bureau was responsible for breaking Russian codes. Thanks to the information obtained, the Polish Army was able to carry out most operations with considerable recognition of the enemy’s strength, formations and intentions, which contributed to the Polish victory.
PL
W artykule omówiono genezę polskiego radiowywiadu oraz jego działalność podczas wojny z bolszewicką Rosją. Struktury radiowywiadu były konsekwentnie budowane od jesieni 1918 roku, z wykorzystaniem doświadczenia oficerów narodowości polskiej pełniących przed wybuchem I wojny światowej służbę w formacjach radiotelegraficznych i w wywiadzie państw zaborczych oraz w formacjach polskich tworzonych w czasie wojny w państwach Ententy. Wśród tych oficerów był między innymi por. Jan Kowalewski, który w Wydziale II Biura Szyfrów zajmował się łamaniem rosyjskich szyfrogramów. Dzięki pozyskanym informacjom Wojsko Polskie mogło prowadzić większość operacji przy znacznym rozpoznaniu siły, ugrupowań i zamiarów nieprzyjaciela, co przyczyniło się do polskiego zwycięstwa.
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