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Exploring the relationship between the body self and personality defence mechanisms in women with bulimia nervosa

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Mirucka B.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2013
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vol. 44
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issue 1
118-126
EN
This study investigated the relationship between disorders of the body self and personality defence mechanisms of women with bulimia nervosa. It was hypothesized that women with bulimia nervosa would not form a homogeneous group in terms of the body self disorder and that the extent of this disorder would be signifi cantly related to personality functioning in terms of the defence styles adopted. The hypothesis was investigated with the aid of two questionnaires: the Body Self Questionnaire (Mirucka, 2005) and the Defence Style Questionnaire by Andrews, Singh and Bond (1993). 36 women aged between 15 and 25 years, who fulfi lled the DSM IV criteria for bulimia nervosa participated in the study. Conclusions from the study were that: (1) the body self of bulimic women is differentially disordered at three levels: profound, moderate and minimal. (2) the degree to which the body self was found to be disordered is signifi cant in psychological terms as it is related to the defence style adopted by the bulimic personality. The profound and moderate levels of body self disorder related to immature defence styles, while minimal levels of disruption to body self were associated with neurotic and mature styles.
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Identyfikacja mechanizmów obronnych menedżerów

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Barabasz A.
Nauki o Zarządzaniu
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2016
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issue 2(27)
9-21
EN
The main purpose of this paper is to present the issues related to organizational change in the context of the challenges faced by both managers and other employees of a company. The proposed view is anchored in the psychodynamic approach to organization and management. This article is focused on the superior-subordinate relationship in the context of change, presenting it from the perspective of intrapsychic processes. The author makes an attempt of characterizing both rational, conscious processes and the processes that occur beneath the surface of consciousness, which are automatic and unconscious. The latter usually conceal strong emotions, both positive (hope and curiosity) and negative (anxiety, anger, disappointment), as well as the beliefs and motives of actions undertaken by organization members. The defence mechanisms questionnaire (DSQ) was used to identify the automatic application of mechanisms to cope with difficult situations. The results indicate that neurotic mechanisms dominate among the surveyed managers, specially idealization, but also pseudoaltruism gains high level. However, more dangerous and counterproductive from the perspective of team work, are such mechanisms as projection, denial, isolation and displacement. Interviews with managers made it possible to develop a picture of the organizational change from the perspective of managers.
3
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Analiza stylów i mechanizmów obronnych u osobowości typu D

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Guzińska K., Jopek A., Lutkiewicz K.
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne
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2014
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vol. 19
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issue 4
544-559
EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the defence styles of individuals with type D personality. The study involved 62 individuals: 31 were respondents diagnosed with the coronary heart disease and 31 healthy subjects (without any cardiovascular system conditions). The average age in both groups was 61 years. Three research techniques were used in the study: a survey including demographic and medical parameters; a questionnaire for the evaluation of the type D personality – DS14 designed by Denollet; Defense Style Questionnaire DSQ- 40 designed by Bond and Wesley (1996). The subjects with the distressed personality made use of all defence styles, but they chose the least adaptive the most often. The non-adaptive style, imaginatively-distorting style and self-sacrificing style were presented more frequently by individuals with the distressed personality, while the adaptive style was chosen more often by respondents not demonstrating any traits of the type D personality. Meanwhile, the non-adaptive style prevailed in both study groups. The type D personality is associated most strongly with such defence mechanisms, as: somatization, consumption activities, projection, sublimation, acting out, regression, reaction formation, social withdrawal, fantasy and isolation. The defence mechanisms of suppression and inhibition are not specific for the distressed personality.
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Psychodynamic Perspective of Organizational Change

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Barabasz A.
Management
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2016
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vol. 20
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issue 1
155-166
EN
The complex processes and phenomena that are taking place in the contemporary world require new and adequate methods of acting also in the area of management. This means the need for a fresh approach to the process of organization development and change. This paper presents the key concepts stemming from the psychoanalytic approach to organization and management. Its main aim is to discuss the major categories (concepts) derived from psychoanalytic theories, which pertain to the issues related to organizational change. Theoretical considerations are complemented by presentation of the data collected during interviews with managers from the examined organization and identification of the defence mechanisms of representatives of the organization’s management.
5
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The Relations between Defence Mechanisms and Spiritual Involvement of Academic Staff Members as the Measure of Their Personal Maturity

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Seredyńska A.
The New Educational Review
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2013
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vol. 32
77-88
EN
Researchers investigating human beings claim that everybody uses defence mechanisms. However, different people use different mechanisms. The most mature persons employ mature mechanisms, and those less mature and those in crisis situations use primitive mechanisms. The article presents a study on the relationship between the intensity of defence mechanisms and the level of spiritual involvement. Two groups of people are compared: one group consists of the members of the Christian Faculty Forum, and the other of people whose professional lives are not connected with teaching. The results obtained indicate a correlation between the involvement in one’s spiritual life and personal maturity measured with the use of mature defence mechanisms. The analysis of the results indicates that the development of spiritual life is connected with the development of personality. Involvement in spirituality and in spiritual health helps people reach maturity and deeper involvement in their pedagogical work.
6
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The meaning of the body schema in reaching maturity during late adolescence

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Mirucka B.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2016
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vol. 47
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issue 1
149-158
EN
The objective of the research presented in this paper was to investigate whether an association existed between the activation of the body schema and reaching adulthood among people in late adolescence. Three activities that are known to enjoy popularity among young people were analysed, namely: dancing, playing computer games that require motor involvement (e.g. Kinect), and playing computer games of an educational and entertaining character. It was assumed that the chosen forms of activity correspond to three levels of activation of the body schema. The following research methods have been applied to this study: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Defence Style Questionnaire (DSQ), and the Bodily Self Representation Questionnaire. The study has proven that the activation of body schema through dance is significantly related to high self-esteem and the use of mainly mature and neurotic defence mechanisms in threat situations.
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