Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Refine search results

Journals help
Authors help
Years help

Results found: 27

first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  dehumanization
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Riziko dehumanizácie u ľudí žijúcich s demenciou:

100%
EN
The concept of dehumanization has received quite a lot of attention in recent decades. Its various forms have inconsistent conceptualization, but they also overlap to some extent. Researchers have argued that some groups are more vulnerable to dehumanization than others. One such group is people living with dementia. In this overview, a more comprehensive view of the dehumanization of this extremely vulnerable group by identifying three main attributes is presented. Dementia is a disease which does not have obvious physical signs and affects mainly people aged 65 and over. Therefore, stereotypes related to old age are likely to be activated first. Another attribute is patient status. In the health care and social care facilities, there is a relatively widespread type of communication that neglects individuality and contribute to the homogenization and objectification of all patients with the same diagnosis. The diagnosis of dementia is the last attribute. People with dementia have problems with social functioning that leads to social isolation. The authors argue that society has to play a key role in limiting the dehumanization of people living with dementia. The first step must be an appropriate approach to institutional care. One suitable approach is a patient-centered approach emphasizing a holistic approach to treatment and care based on the bio-psycho-social model of the disease.
2
100%
EN
While the Crimean War (1853 -1856) was the first modern war, the American Civil War (1861 -1865) came to be the first modern total war, which foreshadowed the terrible modern cruelty of the two World Wars. As such, the Civil War played a crucial role in the transformation towards brutalization, totalization, and dehumanization of warfare in the West in the 19th and 20th century. Since modern war was the product of modernity, the origins of its instrumentalization, technicalization, bureaucratization, and in turn – also barbarization and totalization, can be drawn from “the dark face” of modernity. Modernity carried within itself a great potential for progress and development, but also – being exceptionally dialectical – an enormous capacity for destruction. Therefore, one can look for connections between modern war and the “cruelty of modernity”, for which the American Civil War is a good case study.
EN
Dehumanization represents one of the most distinctive and negative consequences which may be accompanied by totalitarian ideology or authoritarian governments. It usually means all activities are aimed at the humiliation and inhuman treatment of an enemy. Dehumanization manifests itself especially in conditions of political and ideological conflict but does not always take such a drastic form. The purpose of this article is an attempt to present the phenomenon of dehumanization as a problem deeply rooted in the structures of human thinking. From the psychological perspective of social cognition it seems to be a phenomenon commonly occurring in group relations and relations which are not necessarily marked by struggle or conflict. Orientation in the social world requires the use of specific human cognitive heuristics which may result in being perceived as dehumanizing. A characteristic of such a perception is, among other things, negation or removing social attributes from a group’s representatives which are considered to be typically human. One of the main postulates of this article is the assertion that dehumanization, as it is understood, is largely a problem of a psychological nature which is very difficult to eliminate because of how it has been ingrained for so long in the cognitive orientation processes in the world. Although in the light of current psychological knowledge the total elimination of dehumanization seems rather impossible, it can be quite effectively limited through interactions at the political and social-cultural level.
EN
This paper argues that the question of the human is a major concern in Judith But-ler’s philosophy. I believe that although this concern is more visible in her relatively recent works on ethics and politics, in her earlier works it is always in the background. I read Butler as a deep thinker on the nature of the human, and argue that her thoughts on ethics and politics should be read as a (non-utopic) yearning for a human condition where a collectively inhabitable world becomes possible. This paper will explore the question of the human as Butler discusses this in its relation to intelligibility, critique, and the opacity of the subject not only to understand the terms of dehumanization but also to offer ways of conceptualizing a more humane world.
EN
During the Islamic Revolution and the war with Iraq, Iran used propaganda on an unprecedented scale. The dominant form of Iranian persuasion art was posters. So far, they have been analyzed mainly from the point of view of art history, cultural studies, or sociology. In this article, the author aims to study them from the point of view of political science, in particular the psychology of politics and the study of hostility. War and revolution are a period of increased escalation of hostility in the public space. Therefore, sources depicting the enemies of the Islamic Republic of Iran were chosen as the field of analysis. For the sake of clarity, an outline of the history of Iranian propaganda and a theoretical framework for hostility and dehumanization in political science are presented.
6
88%
EN
The article consists of an analysis of the Great Avant-garde art as an exclusive (addressed to a narrow audience) aesthetic experience, which aims in conscious culmination of aesthetic pleasure. The analysis is presented in the perspective of philosophical reflections on avant-garde art of Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset. The adopted research perspective allows to identify the main features characterizing and distinguishing the Great Avant-garde art, but also to scratch basic conditions of intellectualist revolution in European art at the beginning of the twentieth century. The revolution was closely associated with the ideal of elitism of art which was widely described by Ortega y Gasset in “Dehumanization of art” (1925).
EN
This article presents the most important manifestations of negative stereotyping, that is, the dehumanization of enemies. Many cognitive and linguistic characteristics of this phenomenon are usually elusive to the participants of social life, so underlying psychological mechanisms are identified too late. This makes it extremely difficult to effectively eliminate them. The aim of the article is, firstly, to present key (empirically verified) cognitive and linguistic strategies responsible for stereotypization of social subjects. Secondly, the explication of the fact that the subtle form of dehumanization, which is negative stereotyping, contains sufficient and very strong grounds for carrying out acts of explicit discrimination, and in some circumstances, even extermination.
EN
Humanization in different spheres of people’s life is needed, as an alternative to the phenomenon of dehumanization. Therefore, this process does not leave a side the educational sphere. The humanistic approaches in education repeatedly were a subject of debate. That is why the declaration is in the law of Ukraine «On Education» that one of the most important areas of the development of the national education system is humanization and liberalization of all aspects of higher education, «humanization» process of training and education. The implementation of humanistic direction of the higher education system provides for implementation of two interrelated components: basic qualifications and good health and physical fitness of the future professionals. Recently, a lot of higher education institutions of our country have become popular «Sokol» system of physical education. Unfortunately, in the scientific literature, little attention is paid to disclosure humanistic values to this educational concept. Therefore, the authors of this article attempt to justify the theoretical and practical relevance, in the territory of present «Sokol» physical education as one of the main components of humanistic education of future teachers of physical culture. «Sokol» movement began to exist at the end of the last century thanks for the Czech specialist Miroslav Tyrš and was aimed to harmonize intellectual, moral and physical development of a young person as a citizen of each country. Based on a retrospective analysis and in the context of the modern paradigm «Sokol» education is outlined in article a substantive field of humanistic and justified the need of training future specialists in physical education and sport. The basis of the system of managing the humanization of physical education should be teaching and implementation of innovative technologies built on the principles of subject-teacher-student relationship. The use of such technology makes it possible to democratize educational environment and its target to achieve high performance in their future careers graduates. It is this technology «Sokol» model of physical education. Implementation in practice makes it possible to implement humanistic ideas of a good existing in all areas of human life.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the experiences of Poles deported during the World War II to the Soviet Union. The paper is based on the analysis of stories told by the interviewed deportees. First, a general historical background on the large‑scale deportations is provided. The second part of the paper presents the stories describing the conditions of life in exile. The author discusses selected aspects of everyday life reality that Poles displaced to Kazakh SSR and Siberia encountered. Special attention is given to transportation to the place of exile, the places of settlement, fight for survival, as well as working and living conditions.
EN
Hertha Nathorff’s life story can be seen as a revealing example of the fate of the other Jewish families in Germany during the Nazi era. Through the diary of Hertha Nathorff it is possible to get to know her personal impression, which concerns this period of time. The diary also shows the circumstances under which those German Jews who managed to escape the Nazi regime had to live and the agony that accompanied their decision to leave Germany. Finally, it provides information about the problems encountered by the exiled German Jews. For Hertha Nathorff, her diary was a refuge that enabled her to process the most difficult moments in her life and not to give up hope for her existence. The aim of the article is to illustrate the special role of keeping diaries in the period of dehumanization. It should show the special importance of keeping a diary in the process of maintaining one’s own identity and strengthening one’s self.
EN
This article presents the way John Paul II, the head of the Vatican at the beginning of the third millennium, theologically and philosophically substantiates and establishes the principles of a new humanism through the dialogue between the Church and art as the most personalized sphere of human activity. The conceptual essence of the key idea of the humanizing function of art, in the personalistic philosophy of art of John Paul II is revealed from the methodological standpoint of religious studies. It determines the particular nature and tasks of the renewed dialogue between the Church and artists, aimed to overcome the processes of  depersonalization and dehumanization of culture, caused by atheistic humanism and growing increasingly during the 20th century. The author ponders on The Letter of Pope John Paul II to Artists and Towards a Pastoral Approach to Culture, two papal documents. Their appearance on the eve of the 2000th anniversary of Christianity became symbolic. These documents draw attention because, firstly, although the idea of a dialogue between the Church and artists as a way of embodying spiritual values of a new humanism in the theological and philosophical discourse of John Paul II had been formed over several decades, it found its conceptual solution precisely in these two papal documents. Secondly, it is in these two documents that the essence of the cultural policy of the 264th Pope is consistently set forth, meant to overcome the consequences of atheistic humanism and create a new humanism, and thus to overcome the civilizational anthropological crisis and develop a new ideological paradigm of the third millennium.
EN
The image of the non-Orthodox in Camblak’s work is unequivocally negative. Behind the abusive rhetoric lie patterns well known to social psychology. One can easily recognize the author’s dehumanizing attitude, which reveals the meaning of many elements of Camblak’s narrative in The Martyrdom of John the New. The concept of dehumanization is useful for the study of the attitude of medieval literate elites towards minorities. Although at its core it concerns cognitive phenomena it immediately makes us think about their behavioral implications.
EN
The study is focused on the phenomenon of collective violence that took place in the territory of the Czech lands during the spring and summer 1945. Albeit the war operations had been concluded since the 8th May 1945, general living conditions resembled rather a continuation of the war in the time – at least until the end of the July 1945. Despite the traditional interpretation of the May 1945 as a crucial reversal, the study focuses on the collective violence as a phenomenon overlapping traditional turning points. Remaining high amount of violent interactions is an element connecting the final war operations with the first weeks and months after. Applying concepts of political sociology (Charles Tilly), social psychology (Philip Zimbardo) and sociology (Randall Collins) the study strives to capture interdependent nature of collective violence between its structural preconditions and situational dynamics. Based on the quantitative evaluation of the acts of collective violence, the first part outlines a macro social topography of collective violence with the main focus on the period between April and August 1945. The main point is an identification of key actors of the politics of collective violence and their correlation to basic configurations of particular political regimes (i.e. occupational regime of the so called Protectorate and limited democratic regime of Czechoslovakia after May 1945). The second part evaluates social and cultural mechanisms facilitating escalation of violent situations into mass atrocities.The study identifies impulsive acts of collective violence as limited to temporary transitive violent rituals and turns attention to the important role of the state organised specialists in concrete violent situations.
Dyskurs & Dialog
|
2019
|
vol. I
|
issue 2 (2)
31-40
EN
We operate in a social reality subject to the unbearable dictate of the countability of everything. Value and meaning only has what is or can be measurable. Quantification has become our fetish without which we can not imagine life in the modern world. We are increasingly positively evaluating typically human attributes, effectively replaced by technical, dehumanized, performance-oriented social machines. The power of statistics appropriates further dimensions of human existence, and numbers become the reservoir of various social control techniques.
PL
Osaczające nas zewsząd procedury i algorytmizacja działania, sprawia, że procesy myślowe, czy refleksyjność, zostają wyrugowane, promując bezwzględne posłuszeństwo i poddanie się logice cywilizacji numerycznej. Liczby uznajemy za wiarygodne, miarodajne, rzetelne, a dodatkowo pozbawione ludzkiej stronniczości i interpretacji. Choć głosi się wszem i wobec zwiększający się zakres wolności i autonomiczności jednostek, mamy do czynienia z procesem przeciwnym – zniewalania jednostek procedurami, kwantyfikatorami i władzą statystyki. Brak poddania się nim grozi utratą skuteczności, o którą wielu tak zabiega, skazując jednostki na bezrefleksyjny konformizm. Nie chodzi zatem o to, aby myśleć, wręcz przeciwnie – chodzi o to, aby nie myśleć, nawykowo wykonując proceduralne wytyczne zbiurokratyzowanej do granic możliwości, odhumanizowanej maszyny. Udziwnione i sztucznie wykreowane procedury, zbliżają nas raczej do działania robotów, niż obdarzonych sprawstwem, racjonalnych podmiotów. Wartość ma zatem nie ta wiedza, która odnosi się do procesów rozumienia świata i samego siebie, ale ta, która objaśnia nam procedury, łatwo domykając niedookreślone. Podmiotowość jednostki, jej rozumienie świata – także poprzez afekty – czy samoświadomość, nie może być zastąpiona przez najbardziej wyszukane procedury algorytmiczne, które długo jeszcze pozostaną bezradne w sferze ludzkiej aksjologii.
EN
Humiliating situations can occur both at the macro level (when dealing with specific social groups) and the micro level (when they appear in the relations of the individual with social environment). Humiliation always brings negative consequences, and is a source of suffering and shame. It also robs a man of dignity and violates his internal integrity. Ruthlessness of dehumanization mechanisms is present in thinking and action of a person who uses humiliation as a tool of influence and the way of achieving his own benefits. The victim of dependency and social inequality may take different strategies to cope with humiliation. This text is an attempt to search for the answers to the question about the causes and consequences of humiliation in interpersonal relations, both in a social ad individual context.
EN
The author expresses his concern that, with growing frequency, the paradigm of coexisting cultures is being undermined by some conscious statements and activities. They are presented, analyzed and evaluated in the context of the activity undertaken within intercultural education. The author emphasizes that intercultural education has always taken part in the process of opposing dehumanization and infrahumanization. He provides some examples of the impact of intercultural activity as well as examples of radical tendencies which limit the humanity of Others and degrade human dignity and value.In the article, some questions are raised concerning the extent to which humanistic values and the foundations of sensitivity have been lost and some attempts to answer them are undertaken. The author analyzes, illustrates and searches for the reasons and indicates the significance of these phenomena in the context of the functions of intercultural education. Due attention is also drawn to the ideologization of nation and to new tasks of intercultural education in the face of the presented phenomena and the undergoing socio-political processes.
PL
Autor wyraża niepokój, wskazując, że paradygmat współistnienia kultur jest coraz częściej podważany mniej lub bardziej świadomymi wypowiedziami i działaniami. Przedstawia je w tekście, analizuje i wartościuje w kontekście działań edukacji międzykulturowej. Podkreśla, że edukacja międzykulturowa zawsze uczestniczyła w procesie przeciwstawiania się dehumanizacji i infrahumanizacji, i podaje przykłady jej działalności, jak też przykłady radykalnych tendencji ograniczających człowieczeństwo Innych oraz degradujących godność i wartość człowieka. W tekście pyta i podejmuje próby odpowiedzi, w jakim zakresie zatraciliśmy wartości humanistyczne i postawę wrażliwości. Analizuje, ilustruje, poszukuje przyczyn i wskazuje na znaczenie tych zjawisk w kontekście funkcji edukacji międzykulturowej. Zwraca uwagę na problem ideologizacji narodu i nowe zadania edukacji międzykulturowej wobec przedstawianych zjawisk i zachodzących procesów społeczno-politycznych.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza zjawiska dehumanizacji, rozumianej jako odmawianie jednostkom bądź grupom cech przynależnych gatunkowi ludzkiego, w okresie argentyńskiej dyktatury wojskowej 1976-1983. Zjawisko to omówione zostało na przykładzie funkcjonowania Szkoły Mechaników Marynarki Wojennej (Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada, ESMA) w Buenos Aires, która w okresie dyktatury służyła jako jedno z największych w Argentynie centrów przetrzymywania wrogów reżimu i podejrzewanych o działalność wywrotową. W pierwszej części artykułu podjęta została teoretyczna refleksja nad zjawiskiem dehumanizacji w psychologii społecznej. W drugiej części przedstawione zostały ideologiczne podstawy dehumanizowania wrogów reżimu w trakcie dyktatury, jak również konkretne strategie dehumanizacyjne. Trzecia część tekstu stanowi analizę funkcjonowania ESMA, stanowiąc przykład przeniesienia ideologiczno-dyskursywnej dehumanizacji na poziom praktyki politycznej
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of dehumanization, understood as denial of traits belonging to the human species during the 1976-1983 military dictatorship in Argentina. The phenomenon is discussed on the example of the Naval School of Mechanical Engineering (Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada, ESMA) in Buenos Aires – one of the largest secret detention centres during the dictatorship, where enemies of the regime and suspected subversives were kept. The first part of the article covers theoretical reflection on the phenomenon of dehumanization in social psychology. The second part presents the ideological grounds for dehumanization of the regime’s enemies, as well as specific dehumanization strategies. The third part is an analysis of functioning of the ESMA, being an example of shifting from the ideological-discursive dehumanization to the level of political practice.
PL
Dehumanizacja to – w najbardziej ogólnym sensie – proces zanegowania człowieczeństwa drugiej osoby. Problem ten, rozpatrywany przede wszystkim na gruncie psychologii społecznej, posiada silne konotacje pedagogiczne. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie potencjalnego znaczenia sztuki popularnej dla edukacji międzykulturowej, a dokładnie ukazanie roli, jaką sztuka ta może pełnić w uświadamianiu problemu dehumanizacji Obcego. Aby osiągnąć zamierzony cel, w tekście wskazano na zasadność obecności sztuki popularnej w edukacji, przedstawiono pojęcie Obcego, czyli osoby znajdującej się poza horyzontem doświadczenia danego człowieka, poza daną społecznością, poznawczo niebezpiecznego, oraz zarysowano zagadnienie dehumanizacji. Egzemplifikację przeprowadzono na przykładzie piątego odcinka trzeciej serii brytyjskiego serialu science fiction Black Mirror – Men Against Fire (2016). Rozważania prowadzone są z perspektywy nowocześnie rozumianej edukacji estetycznej, nawiązującej koncepcyjnie do polskiej teorii wychowania estetycznego. Zorientowana humanistycznie, nowoczesna edukacja estetyczna musi być realizowana w duchu pluralizmu i międzykulturowości; powinna także przyczyniać się do rozwijania całokształtu osobowości człowieka: od jego wrażliwości estetycznej i orientacji moralnej, po zdolność krytycznego myślenia i kreatywność. Artykuł wskazuje na możliwości wykorzystania sztuki popularnej w edukacji poprzez budowanie teoretycznych kontekstów interpretacyjnych.
EN
Dehumanization is – in the broadest sense – the process of depriving a person of positive human qualities. This problem, considered mainly in the field of social psychology, has strong pedagogical significance. The article is aimed to show the potential importance of popular art for intercultural education, precisely: to show the role that popular art can play in raising the awareness of the problem posed by dehumanization of the Other. To achieve the intended goal, the author indicates the justified presence of popular art in education, introduces the concept of the Other, i.e. a person who is beyond the horizon of a given person’s experience, who is outside a given community or is cognitively dangerous, and outlines the issue of dehumanization. The exemplification was conducted on the example of the episode of the British science fiction series Black Mirror – Men Against Fire (2016). The considerations are carried out from the perspective of contemporary aesthetic education, which refers conceptually to the Polish theory of aesthetic education. Humanistically oriented, contemporary aesthetic education must be conducted in the vein of pluralism and interculturalism; it should also contribute to the development of a person’s holistic personality: from their aesthetic sensitivity and moral orientation, to their ability of critical thinking and creativity. In the article, the possibilities are indicated of using popular art in education by building theoretical interpretive contexts.
EN
This article focuses on the legal assessment of statements dehumanizing people in the pre-natal phase of development in the context of the postulates of legalizing abortion in Poland. The order of the presented issues is as follows: 1) characteristics of the phenomenon of dehumanization, based on the achievements of social sciences; 2) recalling examples of statements of pro-abortion groups that can be considered dehumanizing in the pre-natal phase; 3) legal assessment of these statements, in particular from the perspective of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest prawna ocena wypowiedzi dehumanizujących ludzi w prenatalnej fazie rozwoju formułowanych w kontekście postulatów legalizacji aborcji w Polce. Kolejność przedstawionych zagadnień jest następująca: 1) charakterystyka fenomenu dehumanizacji na podstawie dorobku nauk społecznych; 2) przywołanie przykładów wypowiedzi środowisk proaborcyjnych, które mogą być brane pod uwagę jako wypowiedzi dehumanizujące człowieka w prenatalnej fazie rozwoju; 3) dokonanie oceny prawnej przytoczonych wypowiedzi, w szczególności z perspektywy Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.