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The Demographic Sustainability of Ukraine: The Historical Retrospective and the Current Challenges

100%
Tesliuk R.
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
|
2023
|
vol. 92
|
issue 2
35-49
EN
This paper addresses the changes in the demographic development of Ukraine in the last 125 years in quantitative parameters of demographic sustainability: alterations in population size, its gender and age structure, and natural and migration movement. Demographic sustainability is considered to be the capacity of a country’s or a region’s demography to preserve a consistent population size with optimal proportions between its age categories. Eight historical-demographic stages related to specific military-political and socio-economic events are outlined and analysed. Demographic catastrophes and crises in Ukraine were directly related to the aggression of totalitarian regimes. They occurred at the initial stages of demographic transition, so Ukraine was capable of restoring the population size, albeit with deeply disturbed demographic structures. The large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine increases the risk of the occurrence of a modern demographic catastrophe. Nowadays, the demographic sustainability of Ukraine cannot be achieved autonomously without the positive impact of external factors – the respective governmental demographic and socio-economic policies.
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GOSPODARKA I KWESTIA INDIAŃSKA W KOLONIALNEJ KOLUMBII

59%
Dobrzycki W.
Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny
|
2012
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vol. 20
|
issue 3-4(77-78)
14-30
PL
Artykuł analizuje główne elementy hiszpańskiego systemu kolonialnego w Nowym Świecie oraz instytucje i politykę Korony hiszpańskiej wobec kolonii. Kolumbia zajmowała, dzięki swym bogactwom naturalnym, ważne miejsce w ekonomice Hispanoameryki. Wraz z rozwojem gospodarki kolumbijskiej następował proces eksploatacji i wyniszczenia Indian. Szlachetne wezwania królów hiszpańskich do ochrony ludności indiańskiej miały niewielki wpływ na rzeczywistość kolonialną. Wśród wielu świadectw epoki szczególne miejsce zajmują pisma biskupa Popayán Juana del Valle, które są „przykładem humanizmu i spojrzenia na kwestię indiańską w duchu etyki chrześcijańskiej”.
EN
The article analyzes the fundamentals of Spanish colonial system in the New World as well as both institutions and policy of the Spanish monarchy towards the colony. Colombia took, thanks to its natural resources, an important part in the economy of the Spanish America. However, along with the development of Colombian economy, there came a process of exploitation and destruction of the local Indians. Honorable calls expressed on the part of the Spanish monarchs for protection of the indigenous population had in fact very little impact on the colonial reality. Among many testimonies of those times, there are works of bishop Popayán Juan del Valle, which are “an example of humanism and an approach towards the Indian issue in the light of Christian ethics”.
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