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Quantitative typological analysis of Romance languages

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EN
Based on real-text corpora with syntactic annotation, this study quantitatively addressed the following two questions: whether quantitative methods and indexes can point to the diachronic syntactic drifts characterizing the evolution from Latin to Romance languages and whether these methods and indexes can provide evidence to evince the shared syntactic features among Romance languages and define them as a distinctive language subgroup. Our study shows that the distributions of dependency directions are suggestive of positive answers to the above two questions. In addition, the dependency syntactic networks extracted from the dependency treebanks reflect the degree of inflectional variation of a language, and the clustering analysis shows that these parameters, in spite of some imperfections, can also help differentiate Romance languages from Latin diachronically and from other languages synchronically.
EN
This text introduces the reader to the recently published description of Czech syntax by J. Panevová et al. (2014) and takes the opportunity to add some remarks on its position within the Czech linguistic tradition on the one hand, and in the wider context of syntactic thought outside the Czech Republic on the other. The advantages of a multistratal approach to analyzing passives and other diatheses, over the surface-oriented approach in traditional Czech syntactic descriptions such as Šmilauer (1966), are demonstrated in more detail. Furthermore, I show how the theory of control is adapted from the government and binding framework to a syntactic framework based on dependency. In addition to the merits of the given analyses, several problematic issues are pointed out, especially relating to resultative diathesis and to the distribution of controlled pronouns in the deep structure.
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