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EN
Arcade friezes, composed of crossing arches, originating from Lombardy, comprise the most characteristic decorative motif of Late Romanesque brick buildings in Central and Northern Europe. An analysis of thirteenth-century friezes, conducted from the viewpoint of the manner of their display, leads to the conclusion that the backgrounds of the friezes were whitewashed or plastered for the purpose of a more marked emphasis of their form and outline. In a number of the examined thirteenth-century monuments (churches: Cistercian in Mogiła, Franciscan and Dominican in Cracow) extant fragments of the original plaster in the background of the friezes appear to confirm the thesis about the principle of their original display based on a contrast of the red arcades and the white plaster of the backdrop. The so-called castellated friezes, usually accompanying arcade friezes, made of bricks placed diagonally, were also tinted, a fact which up to now remained unnoticed. Their colouristic impact, consisting in a contrast of the white and the red, usually assumed the form of colouristic alternation: red bricks occurred interchangeably with whitewashed bricks. The plastering of the background of the arcade friezes and the painting of bricks in the castellated friezes rendered legible and enriched the architectonic forms of the usually rather modest brick Romanesque buildings, introducing additional accents.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest próba prześledzenia historii powstania i konserwacji oraz zmian w lokalizacji nowożytnych portali w zamku Grodno (Kinsburg). Burzliwa historia ich przenoszenia, składania i uzupełnień łączy się ściśle z historią zamku w okresie ostatnich 200 lat. Studia oparte na analizie archiwaliów pochodzących z XIX i XX w., które jednak w sposób cząstkowy ujmują problematykę portali, uzupełniono analizą ikonografii oraz wynikami badań terenowych, prowadzonych w latach 2019-2021 przez zespół z Wydziału Architektury PWr. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań pozwoliły ujawnić problem związany z ustaleniem pierwotnej lokalizacji kilku portali oraz pochodzenia ich elementów składowych. Stan zachowania portali zmusza do podjęcia pilnej ingerencji konserwatorskiej. Niniejszy artykuł jest przyczynkiem do podjęcia szerszych badań i analiz detalu obramowań okiennych i drzwiowych w zamku Grodno w Zagórzu Śląskim.
EN
The article attempted to trace the history of the creation and conservation as well as changes in the location of modern portals in Grodno castle (Kinsburg). The turbulent history of their transfer, assembly and restoration is closely related to the history of the castle in the last 200 years. Research based on the analysis of archival materials from the $19^{th}$ and $20^{th}$ centuries, which, however, only partially capture the subject of the portals, were supplemented with an analysis of iconography and the results of field research conducted between 2019 and 2021 by a team from the Faculty of Architecture of the Wrocław University of Science and Technology. The presented research results revealed the problem of determining the original location of several portals and the origin of their components. The condition of the portals requires an urgent conservation intervention. This article encourages undertaking more extensive research and analysis of the details of window and door dressings in Grodno Castle in Zagórze Śląskie.
EN
In the light of analyses of the grooves that are now legible and photographs taken a few years ago, the architectural graffiti from the Teutonic Knights’ castle in Toruń can be read as a representation of a tracery. On the basis of earlier findings regarding the construction phases of the Toruń castle, its topography and spatial layout, an attempt was made to establish the chronology of the architectural graffiti and the function of the building in which it was located. The discovery of relics of architectural details within the upper castle and the finding of some parallels with the church of St James in the New Town of Toruń were undoubtedly crucial in explaining the reasons why the tracery had been sketched on the wall. 
PL
Ryt z zamku krzyżackiego w Toruniu w świetle analiz czytelnych obecnie żłobków oraz fotografii sprzed kilku lat daje się odczytać jako przedstawienie maswerku. Na podstawie dotychczasowych ustaleń badaczy na temat faz budowy toruńskiego zamku oraz jego topografii i układu przestrzennego podjęto próbę ustalenia chronologii wykonania rytu i funkcji obiektu, w którym się znajdował. Istotne znaczenie dla wyjaśnienia przyczyn wyrycia przedstawienia maswerku miało niewątpliwie odkrycie reliktów detali architektonicznych w obrębie zamku wysokiego oraz odnalezienie pewnych analogii z kościołem św. Jakuba w Nowym Mieście Toruniu. 
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