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INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND ITS ROLE IN ECONOMIES

100%
Abounoori A., Akbari Z., Ghavamipour M.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
|
2012
|
issue 1
5-22
EN
International tourism industry as an important economic sector has many of social, cultural and economic impacts on the economy of destination. This study investigated the role of international tourism income in economy of selected countries. The distribution pattern of international tourism income within OECD and G77 countries was followed. Totally 105 countries were selected including thirty three OECD and seventy two G77 countries. Based on the position of these countries in GDP per capita ranking, OECD and G77 countries were classified respectively in two groups – high-income countries and medium-income countries within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; developing countries and least developed countries within G77. International tourism information of the countries was analyzed by Minitab, using correlations and principal component analysis. International tourism information includes annual receipts of international tourism industry, share of international tourism receipts in GDP and its growth in a period of ten years and etc. The results indicated that, although the OECD countries had the largest share of tourism receipts in the world, the contribution of international tourism income to GDP in these countries posted negative growth in a period of ten years. Conversely, this growth experienced a positive trend for G77 countries. Therefore, in order to approach the Millennium Goals in poverty alleviation, the pattern of international tourism income distribution can be taken into serious consideration. Also the results show the importance of a common problem in international tourism industry of developing countries. The problem is this fact that the big part of international tourism income doesn’t reach the local economy. Innovation of this research is the detailed comparison of developed and developing countries, dividing the each of them into two sub-groups, and the finding an interesting trend which attracts the scientific and practical attention.
2
Content available remote

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND ITS ROLE IN ECONOMIES

100%
Abounoori A., Akbari Z., Ghavamipour M.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
|
2012
|
issue 1
5-22
EN
International tourism industry as an important economic sector has many of social, cultural and economic impacts on the economy of destination. This study investigated the role of international tourism income in economy of selected countries. The distribution pattern of international tourism income within OECD and G77 countries was followed. Totally 105 countries were selected including thirty three OECD and seventy two G77 countries. Based on the position of these countries in GDP per capita ranking, OECD and G77 countries were classified respectively in two groups – high-income countries and medium-income countries within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; developing countries and least developed countries within G77. International tourism information of the countries was analyzed by Minitab, using correlations and principal component analysis. International tourism information includes annual receipts of international tourism industry, share of international tourism receipts in GDP and its growth in a period of ten years and etc. The results indicated that, although the OECD countries had the largest share of tourism receipts in the world, the contribution of international tourism income to GDP in these countries posted negative growth in a period of ten years. Conversely, this growth experienced a positive trend for G77 countries. Therefore, in order to approach the Millennium Goals in poverty alleviation, the pattern of international tourism income distribution can be taken into serious consideration. Also the results show the importance of a common problem in international tourism industry of developing countries. The problem is this fact that the big part of international tourism income doesn’t reach the local economy. Innovation of this research is the detailed comparison of developed and developing countries, dividing the each of them into two sub-groups, and the finding an interesting trend which attracts the scientific and practical attention.
3

The Political Economy of Global Inequality: An Economic Historical Perspective

63%
Siddiqui K.
Argumenta Oeconomica Cracoviensia
|
2019
|
issue 2(21)
11-42
EN
The aim of this paper is to evaluate how the economic gulf between advanced and less-developed countries might be narrowed by analysing the progress of their economies in historical perspective. It is an important question for the 21st century whether countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America are capable of economic convergence with the West. To answer this question we need an understanding of both economics and history. It has often been argued that the international distribution of wealth between the rich (industrialised) and poor (primary producing) countries will be narrowed or closed as a result of a trickle-down process from the technologically-advanced countries to the poor countries. This paper analyses this claim using a quantitative methodology built on data from international institutions such as the OECD, IMF and World Bank. It finds that during the last three decades there have been huge economic changes globally: structural arrangements and patterns of trade have changed in both advanced and developing countries. However, while some developing countries have achieved faster growth rates than the advanced economies – particularly China, India, Indonesia, and Turkey – most developing countries have not been able to catch up with the economies of the developed world.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie możliwości zmniejszenia przepaści ekonomicznej między krajami zaawansowanymi a słabiej rozwiniętymi. Aby to osiągnąć, autor przeanalizował postępy ich gospodarek w ujęciu historycznym. Ważnym pytaniem w XXI w. jest to, czy kraje Azji, Afryki i Ameryki Łacińskiej są zdolne do konwergencji gospodarczej z Zachodem. Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, musimy spojrzeć na ekonomię z perspektywy historycznej. W literaturze często twierdzono, że różnica w podziale bogactwa między krajami bogatymi (uprzemysłowionymi) a biednymi (będącymi pierwotnymi producentami) może zostać zmniejszona lub zlikwidowana w wyniku transferu zaawansowanych technologii z krajów bogatych do krajów biednych. W artykule przeanalizowano to twierdzenie z zastosowaniem metodologii ilościowej opartej na danych pochodzących z międzynarodowych instytucji, takich jak OECD, MFW i Bank Światowy. Okazuje się, że w ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad nastąpiły ogromne zmiany gospodarcze na całym świecie: ustalenia strukturalne i wzorce handlowe zmieniły się zarówno w krajach zaawansowanych, jak i rozwijających się. Mimo że niektóre kraje rozwijające się – szczególnie Chiny, Indie, Indonezja i Turcja – osiągnęły szybsze tempo wzrostu niż gospodarki rozwinięte, większości krajów rozwijających się nie udało się dogonić gospodarek rozwiniętego świata.
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