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EN
Background. Numerous scientific studies conducted in recent years have confirmed the positive effects of the participation of children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in therapeutic intervention programs based on traditional Chinese martial arts, karate and taekwondo. Aim. The aim of this study was to present the case of a boy with ASD and to evaluate changes in the severity of autism symptoms that were observed during the five 10-day aikido camps organized between 2013-2017. Methods. The case study method was used to present the results of observation of the boy with ASD during each aikido camp and immediately after it. The author’s own observation sheet was used to evaluate the changes in the boy’s behavior. Results. The subject took part in an aikido camp for the first time at the age of 12. He was then a child with developmental deficits in social relations, communication, and physical abilities. The exercise program based on the aikido curriculum was implemented during five camp in the form of 90-minute group classes. The gradual reduction in the severity of autism symptoms was evident both in social interactions and communication with peers. A growing involvement in physical exercise was also observed, as was better coordination and ability to perform the sequence of movements, as well as a reduction in fear of performing new motor tasks. Conclusions. The aikido-based program, which was used as an additional therapeutic intervention for one boy with ASD, helped to reduce the severity of his ASD symptoms in the areas of social relations, physical abilities and communication behaviors.
EN
Children exposed to alcohol in the prenatal period of development may experience various postnatal developmental problems. One of the competences that is impeded or delayed as a result of the teratogenic influence of alcohol drunk by the mother during pregnancy is the development of theory of mind. The presented article provides a literature review based on the existing research findings on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and outlines the developmental theory-of-mind deficits that are associated with it. The review of current research does not allow comprehensive outcome of the relationship between FASD and theory-of-mind deficits because the number of research carried out within this scope is scarce. Further research on developmental theory-of-mind deficits in children with FASD in the context of the model by Baron- Cohen is postulated.
PL
U dzieci narażonych na szkodliwe działanie alkoholu w okresie prenatalnym często po urodzeniu występują różnego rodzaju zaburzenia. W wyniku teratogennego wpływu alkoholu wypijanego przez matkę w czasie ciąży przebieg rozwoju różnych kompetencji u dziecka jest zaburzony. Jedną z bardzo istotnych dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania społecznego jest teoria umysłu. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje przegląd aktualnych wyników badań naukowych poświęconych występującym u dzieci z FASD deficytom w rozwoju teorii umysłu. Opracowany przegląd nie pozwala na wyprowadzenie spójnego modelu istniejącego związku, gdyż opublikowane w literaturze badania są nieliczne i mają pewne ograniczenia. Zatem postuluje się dalsze badania nad deficytami w rozwoju teorii umysłu występującymi u dzieci z FASD w kontekście modelu opracowanego przez Barona-Cohena, których wstępny projekt został zarysowany.
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