The subject of this paper is to outline and examine the hot issues in the Austrian Pension System (Although it is not very diverse from the other countries within the EU, the economic background is di erent. However, the way of dealing with them can prove to be useful for other countries, especially for those with a common history and similar systems). The attention is also drawn to the groups which have so-called pension privileges (which in uence the country expenditures) and last, but not the least, the latest developments in this pension system. This contribution also gives suggestions which could be implemented into the new pension system, which is required by the experts to amend the current one.
The paper explores controlling developments in the particular environment of an economy involved in a transition process for almost two decades. The results presented in the paper were founded on the empirical analysis of the most successful Croatian companies, which were used as the sampling population. The presentation of controlling department existence in Croatian companies and the analysis of management perception of controlling importance were performed together with research on controlling information sources and users. All the information presented allowed us to make some conclusions about controlling development and to assess its future. Also, recent controlling developments were analyzed in the sample of Croatian SMEs to evaluate its implementation in this group of entities and to assess the factors of potential influence on its development level in a given enterprise, such as: size of the enterprise, management performance (ownermanagers or managers), intensity of accounting information use and relation to the business abroad.The results were evaluated considering the controlling evolution in developed economies. Thus, the controlling evolution was monitored in the Croatian corporate sector, from its "registering" stage, still dominant on the scene, to its "innovation" stage. In addition to the current findings, future perspectives on controlling development flows in Croatia were also assessed.
Based on the literature review, significant benefits have been identified out of the implementation of Business Intelligence. However, risks have been also discovered, and they were mainly connected with an improper change management during the process of the BI systems implementation. Further direction for a development of BI system has been discussed, focusing in particular on maturity models available in the literature. The paper highlights the fact that maturity models currently available in the literature do not take comprehensively into account all aspects of the development of BI in organizations. Therefore, there is a need for further research in this field of science.
The article addresses the importance of the Church’s missionary activity with respect to contemporary cultures and nations because she proclaims the Gospel and promotes the basic development in many corners of the world. By sending missionaries, the Church teaches the faith, Catechism, religious observances, life in accordance with the Commandments. She takes care of Christian formation of the faithful in a given particular Church. The Church organises pastoral and biblical apostolates in order to proclaim the light and hope of the Gospel in a way that is comprehensible to the modern man. It is argued in the article that the proper understanding of the missionary activity of the Church is essentially a realisation of universal human rights. The Church sees the need for respect of human rights on the part of world decision-makers; she appreciates the work of missionaries towards the good of nations and cultures, she sees a common denominator for evangelization and development of nations in terms of human rights. Provisions contained in covenants and treaties which guarantee the right to life and civilisational progress of all people are often disobeyed, therefore the Christ’s Church uses her authority to get involved in the process of evangelization activities and all types of activity intended to improve the communal life of people of good will.
Twenty-first century scholarship is replete with studies on the effect of globalization on indigenous culture in less developed countries. Such studies have accorded the African world ample space because globalization has fostered epochal changes in Africa’s cultural terrain. Though more subtle in recent times, in comparison to the hegemonic tendencies of the colonial past, it has created monumental changes in the social, economic, political and spiritual life of African groups. Notably absent, notwithstanding, are theories to explain the extinction of values and quest to recover pristine African cultural life which globalization has remodeled. Thus, this study seeks a philosophical insight into the historical realities, trajectories and impact of globalization in Africa. It captures what many regard as African existential predicament. It shows the character of globalization in relation to Africa, drawing attention to the objectives, actors, gainers, and losers of the process. To ensure this, this research reflects on certain fundamental questions such as; what is globalization? What are its objectives? What is the role of globalization in the formation of cultural identity? How are the West and its allies captured in the process? What is culture? Where is the African family, the African child and African religion in globalization? The basic interest of this study is to epistemologically establish that globalization has had corrosive effect on African culture, which is tantamount to distorting the vital force that could facilitate African development.
Research background: This study presents the results of the research which aimed to identify and critically discuss existing methodologies in the merger and acquisition field. Value creation to merging and acquiring firms and national countries constitute the center of the research. This study distinguishes between specific methodologies employed to gauge M&A performance on a micro- (corporate) and macro- (economy and society) economic levels. The final section of the paper concludes with a theoretical methodological framework integrating methodologies employed to measure M&A performance on a firm level and methodologies measuring consequences and effects of M&A on the economy. The aim of the analysis described in the paper is to ascertain and evaluate theoretically existing methodologies used in empirical studies that would allow proper and critical understanding of the results of various findings in the holistic and global M&A area. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to investigate and critically discuss the methodologies employed within the M&A performance framework with the focus on specific anticipated outcomes of the M&A deal and methodology measuring this outcome. The following objectives are being raised: (1) To identify recent developments in the M&A market and determine challenges and changes they encompass. (2) To identify and critically discuss anticipated outcomes of the M&A deal and existing methodologies measuring M&A performance on the corporate level; (3) To identify and critically discuss anticipated outcomes of the M&A deal on the economy and methodologies measuring consequences and effects of M&As on the macro- economic level; (4) To integrate methodologies measuring M&As performance on a micro- and macro- economic levels into theoretical methodological framework enabling scholars and practitioners to evaluate M&A performance from a holistic perspective. Methods: Based on previous studies, the authors conduct a structured literature review aimed to critically discuss and evaluate developments and challenges of measuring M&A performance on corporate and macroeconomic levels. The research is carried out as a structured assessment of past literature. The findings from scientific articles and studies by various scholars are being categorized, grouped and summarized to discern a meta‐analytic view of the work carried out to date. Finally, deep analysis of scientific literature, logical comparative analysis, systematization of scientific article and business cases are employed in the article. Findings & Value added: The paper evidences developments and challenges of measuring M&A performance on corporate and macroeconomic levels. The re-search elaborates on several key developments in M&A methodology and performance studies carried out in empirical works during the last two decades. The findings help to independently and objectively assess performance of M&A from a holistic perspective.
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